Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Extrusion

UNS T30407

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Vanadium Carbide ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract UNS No. T30407 is a high-carbon chromium cold-work tool steel containing vanadium (4.0%) and molybdenum (1.0%). Its carbon and vanadium form a vanadium carbide that provides war resistance many times greater than that of UNS No. T30403 (AISI Type D3). UNS No. T30407 was developed for applications where extreme abrasive wear is needed. Its many applications include briquetting dies and punches, brick mold liners, pottery, tools, broaches, meat-chopper plates and cold-extrusion dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-439. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

A Laboratory Scale Equipment to Relieve Force and Pressure in Cold Extrusion of Lead Hollow Components

2008 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigino Filice ◽  
Francesco Gagliardi ◽  
Fabrizio Micari
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Good Surface

Nowadays, many researchers are involved in studies aimed to the explanation of some peculiar aspects regarding manufacturing processes. In this paper, an experimental campaign was carried out in order to reproduce tube extrusion starting from a cylindrical billet. In particular, the development of a proper equipment is presented: the aim was to measure both the total load, by using the testing machine load cell, and the local pressure value on the porthole. The latter task was carried out performing a proper system based on the use of a small load-cell. The tube was extruded with a good surface quality and the external area does not show any welding line evidence. Pure Lead was used for the experimental analysis; this material was chosen due to its high ductility which allows to carry out the process at room temperature. The material was characterized by compression tests at different strain rates and the obtained material law was used to perform a numerical analysis using SFTC Deform 3D numerical code. The Numerical analysis was carried out to show both the advantages and drawbacks of the modern FE codes when extrusion processes are investigated.

Study on Cold Precision Forging of Non Straight Wall Cavity Piston

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 2348-2352
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Ding ◽  
Ju Chen Xia ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Jun Song Jin
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Precision Forging ◽  
Straight Wall ◽  
Cold Precision Forging ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
Machine Processing

Brake piston is a huge demand non straight wall cavity part for the typical automotive industry; the traditional processing method is machine processing, or preforming by cold extrusion, and then machining. In this paper, the combined cold precision forging method of cold extrusion and spinning was proposed, which might improve the overall performance of parts and reduce costs. The rigid plastic finite element model of cold extrusion and spinning was established to simulate the forming process. The results showed that the combined cold precision forging method was available to manufacture non-straight wall cavity piston.

Investigation of the Suitability of Surface Treatments for Dry Cold Extrusion by Process-Oriented Tribological Testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Teller ◽  
Markus Bambach ◽  
Gerhard Hirt ◽  
Ingo Ross ◽  
André Temmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Initial Yield Stress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tailored Surfaces ◽  
Steel Aisi

In cold extrusion of aluminum alloys adhesive wear can be prevented by an excessive lubrication of the process. While this causes additional process steps also environmental risks have to be addressed. Hence, dry metal forming, i.e. avoiding lubrication by means of coatings and topography modifications is highly desirable. In this paper first results concerning the behavior of tailored surfaces under dry metal forming conditions for pure aluminum are presented. Different surface treatments (laser polishing and Mo2BC coating) of the tool steel AISI H11 are tested in a compression-torsion-tribometer under conditions adapted from cold extrusion. Normal stresses six times higher than the initial yield stress of the tested workpiece material pure aluminum (AA1050-O) are applied. Furthermore, a strategy for the characterization of aluminum adhesions to the tool is introduced. The influences of different topographies and the presence of a coating on the loss of material due to adhesive wear are investigated.

Laser Polishing of Cold Work Steel AISI D2 for Dry Metal Forming Tools: Surface Homogenization, Refinement and Preparation for Self-Assembled Monolayers

2018 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Ross ◽  
André Temmler ◽  
Moritz Küpper ◽  
Stephan Prünte ◽  
Marco Teller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayer ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Laser Polishing ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Forming Tools

Liquid lubrication guarantees high precision and surface quality of workpieces in industrial forming processes. In the case of aluminum cold extrusion, wear and cold welding due to direct contact of tool and workpiece are usually prevented by the extensive use of lubricants. Since the use of lubricants is economically and ecologically unfavorable, surface treatments of tools by, e.g. laser polishing and/or coatings are in the focus of current investigations to substitute these lubricants and establish so called “dry metal forming” processes. The material AISI D2, a ledeburitic 12% chromium steel which is known to have a significant amount of chromium carbide precipitations, is widely used in cold extrusion for forming tools. The large fraction of chromium carbide precipitations, however, hinder the formation of a dense self-assembled monolayer (SAM) that is necessary to avoid direct contact of reactive aluminum with surface oxides of the tool. Therefore, a homogeneous distribution of the chemical elements with a smaller fraction or no chromium carbides in the steel matrix, particularly in the tool surface, is aimed for. Using laser polishing, the surface layer is molten by continuous or pulsed laser radiation. Within the melt pool, the elementary distribution is homogenized as a result of thermal convection and diffusion processes, as well as a smoothed surface and a grain refinement are achieved. Consequently, the effects of the surface treatment by laser polishing on the area coverage of self-assembled monolayers are investigated. Thus, a combined surface treatment by laser polishing and functionalization with a dense self-assembled monolayer shall reduce overall adhesive wear. For this investigation, several specimens of conventional manufactured and powder metallurgical molten AISI D2 are laser polished using continuous or pulsed laser radiation or a combination of both. The resulting surfaces are investigated by microscopy and spectroscopic techniques to analyze the surface topography and the elemental distribution near to the surface. These results are compared to those of conventionally hand-polished specimens. Furthermore, the influence of the element homogenization and grain refinement on the area coverage of self-assembled monolayers is explored. First results show that laser polishing of AISI D2 is suitable to achieve a reduction of grain size and a more homogeneous distribution of chromium carbides within the surface layer.

Casting-cold extrusion of Al/Cu clad composite by copper tubes with different sketch sections

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ting Luo ◽  
Shuang-jing Zhao ◽  
Chun-xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Extrusion
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