Energy losses by industrial door

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Losses

New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Willem H.J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

Localization of DNA in chromatin using ESI and osmium ammine staining

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
C.L. Woodcock ◽  
R.A. Horowitz ◽  
D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
A.L. Olins
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Eukaryotic Nucleus ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
Patiria Miniata ◽  
Model Structures

In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and the nucleosome chain folded into ‘30nm’ chromatin fibers. A number of different model structures, each with a specific location of nucleosomal and linker DNA have been proposed for the arrangment of nucleosomes within the fiber. We are exploring two strategies for testing the models by localizing DNA within chromatin: electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of phosphorus atoms, and osmium ammine (OSAM) staining, a method based on the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction.Sperm were obtained from Patiria miniata (starfish), fixed in 2% GA in 150mM NaCl, 15mM HEPES pH 8.0, and embedded In Lowiciyl K11M at -55C. For OSAM staining, sections 100nm to 150nm thick were treated as described, and stereo pairs recorded at 40,000x and 100KV using a Philips CM10 TEM. (The new osmium ammine-B stain is available from Polysciences Inc). Uranyl-lead (U-Pb) staining was as described. ESI was carried out on unstained, very thin (<30 nm) beveled sections at 80KV using a Zeiss EM902. Images were recorded at 20,000x and 30,000x with median energy losses of 110eV, 120eV and 160eV, and a window of 20eV.

Effects of energy supplementation on energy losses and nitrogen balance of steers fed green-chopped wheat pasture I: Calorimetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
A. L. Shreck ◽  
P. J. Ebert ◽  
E. A. Bailey ◽  
J. S. Jennings ◽  
K. D. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
Energy Supplementation

MODELING OF FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FOR QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
V. A. Minaev ◽  
I. D. Korolev ◽  
O. A. Kulish ◽  
A. V. Mazin
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Integrated Optical Devices ◽  
Fiber Optic Communication ◽  
Optic Communication

The existing methods of information delivery to the strategic and tactical management of many government agencies are expensive, not always reliable and efficient. Therefore, quantum cryptographic systems (QCS) have been actively developed in recent years. However, there are problems with the use of the QCS associated with the reliability of information transfer. First, the existing fiber-optic communication channels (FOCC) are not designed to transmit single-photon signals, which leads to the complexity of their cryptographic protection. The second is insufficiently methodically developed calculation of energy losses and errors in the evaluation of the characteristics of information transfer in FOCC QCS. In article the analysis of the energy loss factors in the classical fiber-optic channel is carried out and the additive loss formula is discussed in detail. Then we consider the fiber-optic channel of quantum information transmission with the use of integrated optical devices. The additive formula of optical losses in such a channel is discussed. The features of losses in integrated optical devices are shown. The features of quantum cryptographic system of information transmission are considered. As a result, the model of FOCC QCS taking into account energy losses is presented, which allows competently in theoretical terms and visualize the passage of information through modern quantum cryptographically secure telecommunications while providing control in government structures.

Energy losses: aspects not considered and the use of probabilistic methods

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R.F. de M. Bastos ◽  
N. Ferreira ◽  
B.A. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Energy Losses

A Tilting Procedure to Enhance Compositional Contrast and Reduce Residual Bragg Contrast in EFTEM Imaging of Planar Interfaces

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
K.T. Moore ◽  
E.A. Stach ◽  
J.M. Howe ◽  
D.C. Elbert ◽  
D.R. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Background Removal ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Elemental Maps

When acquiring energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) images of a crystalline material, the detrimental effects of diffraction contrast can often be seen in raw energy-filtered images (EFI) (i.e., pre-edge and post-edge images), jump-ratio images and elemental maps as residual diffraction contrast. Residual diffraction contrast occurs in raw EFI because of plural scattering (i.e., inelastic-elastic and elastic-inelastic electron scattering) and in jump-ratio images and elemental maps because background removal procedures often are unable to completely account for intensity changes due to dynamical effects (elastic scattering) that occur between pre-edge and post-edge images acquired at different energy losses.It is demonstrated in these experiments that, when examining a planar interface, EFTEM images have increased compositional contrast and decreased residual diffraction contrast when the sample is oriented so that the interface is parallel to the electron beam, but not directly on a zone axis.

scholarly journals Optimal Integration of Photovoltaic Sources in Distribution Networks for Daily Energy Losses Minimization Using the Vortex Search Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4418
Author(s):  
Alejandra Paz-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Felipe Castro-Ordoñez ◽  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Continuous Version ◽  
Continuous Section ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Discrete Part

This paper deals with the optimal siting and sizing problem of photovoltaic (PV) generators in electrical distribution networks considering daily load and generation profiles. It proposes the discrete-continuous version of the vortex search algorithm (DCVSA) to locate and size the PV sources where the discrete part of the codification defines the nodes. Renewable generators are installed in these nodes, and the continuous section determines their optimal sizes. In addition, through the successive approximation power flow method, the objective function of the optimization model is obtained. This objective function is related to the minimization of the daily energy losses. This method allows determining the power losses in each period for each renewable generation input provided by the DCVSA (i.e., location and sizing of the PV sources). Numerical validations in the IEEE 33- and IEEE 69-bus systems demonstrate that: (i) the proposed DCVSA finds the optimal global solution for both test feeders when the location and size of the PV generators are explored, considering the peak load scenario. (ii) In the case of the daily operative scenario, the total reduction of energy losses for both test feeders are 23.3643% and 24.3863%, respectively; and (iii) the DCVSA presents a better numerical performance regarding the objective function value when compared with the BONMIN solver in the GAMS software, which demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed master-slave optimization algorithm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document