Procedure to construct injury risk curves for the evaluation of road user protection in crash tests

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road User ◽  
Risk Curves ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
User Protection

scholarly journals Is Acceleration a Valid Proxy for Injury Risk in Minimal Damage Traffic Crashes? A Comparative Review of Volunteer, ADL and Real-World Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2901
Author(s):  
Paul S. Nolet ◽  
Larry Nordhoff ◽  
Vicki L. Kristman ◽  
Arthur C. Croft ◽  
Maurice P. Zeegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Injury Causation ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Biomechanical Approach

Injury claims associated with minimal damage rear impact traffic crashes are often defended using a “biomechanical approach,” in which the occupant forces of the crash are compared to the forces of activities of daily living (ADLs), resulting in the conclusion that the risk of injury from the crash is the same as for ADLs. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate the scientific validity of the central operating premise of the biomechanical approach to injury causation; that occupant acceleration is a scientifically valid proxy for injury risk. Data were abstracted, pooled, and compared from three categories of published literature: (1) volunteer rear impact crash testing studies, (2) ADL studies, and (3) observational studies of real-world rear impacts. We compared the occupant accelerations of minimal or no damage (i.e., 3 to 11 kph speed change or “delta V”) rear impact crash tests to the accelerations described in 6 of the most commonly reported ADLs in the reviewed studies. As a final step, the injury risk observed in real world crashes was compared to the results of the pooled crash test and ADL analyses, controlling for delta V. The results of the analyses indicated that average peak linear and angular acceleration forces observed at the head during rear impact crash tests were typically at least several times greater than average forces observed during ADLs. In contrast, the injury risk of real-world minimal damage rear impact crashes was estimated to be at least 2000 times greater than for any ADL. The results of our analysis indicate that the principle underlying the biomechanical injury causation approach, that occupant acceleration is a proxy for injury risk, is scientifically invalid. The biomechanical approach to injury causation in minimal damage crashes invariably results in the vast underestimation of the actual risk of such crashes, and should be discontinued as it is a scientifically invalid practice.

scholarly journals Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 2675 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Alexander Bigazzi ◽  
Gurdiljot Gill ◽  
Meghan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road User ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Sample Representation

Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.

Normalization and Scaling for Human Response Corridors and Development of Injury Risk Curves

2014 ◽  
pp. 769-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Petitjean ◽  
Xavier Trosseille ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Risk Curves

Improvement of the Child Injury Risk Curves for Road Accidents

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Longton Alejandro ◽  
Lesire Philippe ◽  
Johannsen Heiko ◽  
Beillas Philippe ◽  
Fiorentino Anita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
Risk Curves

An Improved Method for Developing Injury Risk Curves Using the Brier Metric Score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary S. Hostetler ◽  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Anjishnu Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Risk Curves

Injury Risk Curves for the WorldSID 50th Male Dummy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Petitjean ◽  
Xavier Trosseille ◽  
Norbert Praxl ◽  
David Hynd ◽  
Annette Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Risk Curves
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