Water quality. Larval development test with the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Larval Development Test

scholarly journals Improvement of water quality for mass anopheline rearing: evaluation of the impact of ammonia-capturing zeolite on larval development and adult phenotypic quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwamaka Oluchukwu Akpodiete ◽  
Frédéric Tripet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria vector control approaches that rely on mosquito releases such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) and suppression or replacement strategies relying on genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) depend on effective mass production of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anophelines typically require relatively clean larval rearing water, and water management techniques that minimise toxic ammonia are key to achieving optimal rearing conditions in small and large rearing facilities. Zeolites are extensively used in closed-system fish aquaculture to improve water quality and reduce water consumption, thanks to their selective adsorption of ammonia and toxic heavy metals. The many advantages of zeolites include low cost, abundance in many parts of the world and environmental friendliness. However, so far, their potential benefit for mosquito rearing has not been evaluated. Methods This study evaluated the independent effects of zeolite and daily water changes (to simulate a continuous flow system) on the rearing of An. coluzzii under two feed regimes (powder and slurry feed) and larval densities (200 and 400 larvae per tray). The duration of larval development, adult emergence success and phenotypic quality (body size) were recorded to assess the impact of water treatments on mosquito numbers, phenotypic quality and identification of optimal feeding regimes and larval density for the use of zeolite. Results Overall, mosquito emergence, duration of development and adult phenotypic quality were significantly better in treatments with daily water changes. In treatments without daily water changes, zeolite significantly improved water quality at the lower larval rearing density, resulting in higher mosquito emergence and shorter development time. At the lower larval rearing density, the adult phenotypic quality did not significantly differ between zeolite treatment without water changes and those with daily changes. Conclusions These results suggest that treating rearing water with zeolite can improve mosquito production in smaller facilities. Zeolite could also offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for water recycling management systems in larger production facilities. Further studies are needed to optimise and assess the costs and benefits of such applications to Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) mosquito-rearing programmes. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

Is the micro-agar larval development test reliable enough to detect ivermectin resistance?

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2201-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Dolinská ◽  
Alžbeta Königová ◽  
Marián Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Development Test

Detection of ivermectin resistance by a larval development test—Back to the past or a step forward?

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolinská ◽  
A. Königová ◽  
V. Letková ◽  
L. Molnár ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Larval Development Test

scholarly journals Improvement of water quality for mass anopheline rearing: Evaluation of the impact of ammonia-capturing zeolite on larval development and adult phenotypic quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwamaka Oluchukwu Akpodiete ◽  
Frederic Tripet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundMalaria vector control approaches that rely on mosquito releases such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) and suppression or replacement strategies relying on genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) depend on effective mass production of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anophelines typically require relatively clean larval rearing water, and water management techniques that minimise toxic ammonia are key to achieving optimal rearing conditions in small and large rearing facilities. Zeolites are extensively used in closed-system fish aquaculture to improve water quality and reduce water consumption, thanks to their selective adsorption of ammonia and toxic heavy metals. The many advantages of zeolites include low cost, abundance in many parts of the world and environmental friendliness. However, so far, their potential benefit for mosquito rearing has not been evaluated.MethodsThis study evaluated the independent effects of zeolite and daily water changes (to simulate a continuous flow system) on the rearing of An. coluzzii under two feed regimes (powder or slurry feed) and larval densities (200 and 400 larvae per tray). The duration of larval development, adult emergence success and phenotypic quality (body size) were recorded to assess the impact of water treatments on mosquito numbers, phenotypic quality and identification of optimal feeding regimes and larval density for the use of zeolite.ResultsOverall, mosquito emergence, duration of development and adult phenotypic quality was significantly better in treatments with daily water changes. In treatments without daily water changes, zeolite significantly improved water quality at the lower larval rearing density, resulting in higher mosquito emergence and shorter development time. At the lower larval rearing density, the adult phenotypic quality did not significantly differ between zeolite treatment without water changes and those with daily changes. ConclusionsThese results suggest that treating rearing water with zeolite can improve mosquito production in smaller facilities. Zeolite could also offer cost-effective and environmental-friendly solutions for water recycling management systems in larger production facilities. Further studies are needed to optimise and assess the costs and benefits of such applications to Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquito rearing programmes.

Comparison of two versions of larval development test to detect anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Várady ◽  
Július Čorba ◽  
Valéria Letková ◽  
Gabriel Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test
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