Surface for sports areas. Method of test for the determination of shock absorption, vertical deformation and energy restitution using the advanced artificial athlete

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Shock Absorption

scholarly journals Determination of subsidence of base with intensive soaking of subsidence soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 02037
Author(s):  
Viktor Yarkin ◽  
Nataliia Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Subsidence Zone ◽  
Limited Scope

The article considers study of influence of coefficient ksl on subsidence value. In course of study, it was revealed that coefficient ksl, determined according to normative documents of Russian Federation, has a limited scope and does not always lead to sufficiently satisfactory and theoretically justified results. In this article, a range of pressures on the bases up to 500 kPa has been investigated. This range makes it possible to take into account the redistribution of pressures in case of uneven deformations of the base of the foundations. These pressures in some areas can significantly exceed calculated resistance of subsidence soil. When pressure increases more than 500-600 kPa, subsidence decreases due to additional compaction of subsidence soil without soaking due to destruction of structural bonds from pressure value. Therefore, at high pressures on the base, proportion of subsidence deformations in the total vertical deformation decreases and the proportion of deformations caused by the development of shear zones increases. Dependence of thickness of lower subsidence zone on pressure by at different widths of bottom of a foundation are presented. Proposed algorithm for determining subsidence deformation by external load on base, allows to separate subsidence deformation from shear deformation of soil and thus obtain more accurate values of subsidence deformations in entire range of possible pressures on foundation Dependences of subsidence on pressure determined by normative documents and proposed algorithm for different foundation widths are given. A comparative analysis of values of subsidence at different foundation widths is given.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF VERTICAL DEFORMATION IN JAKARTA-BANDUNG HIGH SPEED TRAIN ROUTE USING X SAR AND SENTINEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Atriyon Julzarika
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Differential Interferometry ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Vertical Deformations

The Jakarta-Bandung high speed train is one of the national strategic plans. The high speed train route connects the Jakarta city to the Bandung city. The route needs to be detailed topography and checking of vertical deformations that occur along its route. This study aims to determine the conditions of vertical deformation in four stations and the Jakarta Bandung high speed train route. The spatial information of vertical deformation was extracted from the X SAR (2000) and Sentinel data (2018). The method used was Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DinSAR). The vertical deformation was obtained from the reduction of topography in 2018 with the topography of 2000. Both of these topography must meet the tolerance of 1.96 sigma so that the resulting deformation is also more optimal. The results of this study can be used to reference the determination of high speed train route based on conditions of vertical deformation.

Mechanical Properties of Treadmill Surfaces and Their Effects on Endurance Running

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Colino ◽  
Jorge Garcia-Unanue ◽  
Leonor Gallardo ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Heart Rate Data

Purpose: To characterize, for the first time, the mechanical properties of treadmill surfaces along with a practical interpretation of their influence on physiological and perceived demands during endurance running compared with other widely used surfaces such as asphalt and tartan tracks. Methods: Ten experienced male endurance runners performed a 40-minute running bout at a preferred constant speed on 3 different surfaces (after a randomized, counterbalanced order with a 7-d interval between trials): asphalt, tartan, or treadmill. Shock absorption, vertical deformation, and energy restitution were measured for the 3 surfaces. Intensity (based on heart rate data) and rating of perceived exertion were monitored. Results: The values of shock absorption averaged 0.0% (asphalt), 37.4% (tartan), and 71.3% (treadmill), while those of vertical deformation and energy restitution averaged 0.3, 2.2, and 6.5 mm and 90.8%, 62.6%, and 37.0%, respectively. Running intensity (as determined by heart rate data) was higher overall on the treadmill than tartan but not asphalt running. Except for the first 10 minutes, all mean rating of perceived exertion values were significantly higher in asphalt and treadmill than in tartan. No significant differences were identified between treadmill and asphalt. Conclusions: The considerably higher shock absorption of the treadmill than the tartan surface leads to a reduction in the amount of energy returned to the athlete, which in turn increases physiological stress and rating of perceived exertion during endurance running.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

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