Heavy commercial vehicles and buses. Stopping distance in straight-line braking with ABS. Open loop and closed loop test methods

This article is concerned with linear quadratic optimal control problems of mean-field stochastic differential equations (MF-SDE) with deterministic coefficients. To treat the time inconsistency of the optimal control problems, linear closed-loop equilibrium strategies are introduced and characterized by variational approach. Our developed methodology drops the delicate convergence procedures in Yong [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 369 (2017) 5467–5523]. When the MF-SDE reduces to SDE, our Riccati system coincides with the analogue in Yong [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 369 (2017) 5467–5523]. However, these two systems are in general different from each other due to the conditional mean-field terms in the MF-SDE. Eventually, the comparisons with pre-committed optimal strategies, open-loop equilibrium strategies are given in details.

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Comparison of Dc-Dc SEPIC, CUK and Flyback Converters Based LED Drivers

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2018-70 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Erdal Sehirli

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuit ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Input Voltage ◽

Open Loop ◽

Current Sensor ◽

Switching Frequency ◽

Led Driver ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Led Drivers ◽

Conduction Mode

This paper presents the comparison of LED driver topologies that include SEPIC, CUK and FLYBACK DC-DC converters. Both topologies are designed for 8W power and operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with 88 kHz switching frequency. Furthermore, inductors of SEPIC and CUK converters are wounded as coupled. Applications are realized by using SG3524 integrated circuit for open loop and PIC16F877 microcontroller for closed loop. Besides, ACS712 current sensor used to limit maximum LED current for closed loop applications. Finally, SEPIC, CUK and FLYBACK DC-DC LED drivers are compared with respect to LED current, LED voltage, input voltage and current. Also, advantages and disadvantages of all topologies are concluded.

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