Characterization of waste. Overall guidance document for characterization of waste from the extractive industries

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Guidance Document

Environmental Characterization of Ash From the Combustion of Wood and Tires for Beneficial Use in Florida

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabet Tolaymat ◽  
Timothy Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Florida Department

Non-hazardous industrial solid wastes are frequently proposed for beneficial use rather than being disposed in MSW landfills. An example of such an industrial waste is waste-to-energy (WTE) ash. Proposed beneficial use projects for WTE ash often involve some form of land application. Prior to the land application of any solid waste, the possible risk to human health and the environment should be assessed. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) has developed a beneficial use guidance document that provides WTE ash generators with the testing requirements that must be demonstrated before a particular beneficial use scenario is determined appropriate (FDEP 2001). For WTE ash to be deemed safe for land application, the risk associated with two separate pathways should be assessed: direct human exposure and the contamination of groundwater via leaching. While organic pollutants (e.g. dioxins) might be a concern, heavy metals are typically the pollutants that most limit the potential for reuse; heavy metals are the focus of the discussion in this paper.

Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grenville Astill
Keyword(s):  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Landscape Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic Landscape ◽  
Cultural Entities

This overview examines the different units of scale at which the medieval countryside has been studied, the ‘geographies’ of the title. It discusses the application of the term pays as distinctive environmental and cultural entities, archaeological work at the scale of the parish or township and the influence of new techniques and methodologies such as LiDAR and GIS. The impact of ‘big data’ projects such as the characterization of medieval rural settlement and Historic Landscape Characterization is highlighted, though some weaknesses are identified. The importance of specialized landscapes is stressed such as those set aside for hunting, seasonal activities, and the extractive industries. Finally, a plea is made for greater attention to chronological changes at different scales of study and for the full potential of environmental archaeology to be exploited by landscape projects.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Testing Paradigm for Developmental Neurotoxicity: OECD Efforts and Regulatory Considerations

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Magdalini Sachana ◽  
Timothy J. Shafer ◽  
Andrea Terron
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Developmental Neurotoxicity ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Animal Data

Characterization of potential chemical-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard is considered for risk assessment purposes by many regulatory sectors. However, due to test complexity, difficulty in interpreting results and need of substantial resources, the use of the in vivo DNT test guidelines has been limited and animal data on DNT are scarce. To address challenging endpoints such as DNT, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) chemical safety program has been working lately toward the development of integrated approaches for testing and assessment (IATA) that rely on a combination of multiple layers of data (e.g., in vitro, in silico and non-mammalian in vivo models) that are supported by mechanistic knowledge organized according to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. In 2017, the OECD convened a dedicated OECD expert group to develop a guidance document on the application and interpretation of data derived from a DNT testing battery that relies on key neurodevelopmental processes and is complemented by zebrafish assays. This review will provide a brief overview of the OECD DNT project and summarize various achievements of relevance to the project. The review also presents an opportunity to describe considerations for uptake of the DNT in an in vitro battery in a regulatory context.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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