Reference materials. Examples of reference materials for qualitative properties

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Qualitative Properties

Layered and ion implantation specimens as possible reference materials for the electron-probe microanalysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1652-1653
Author(s):  
G. Remond ◽  
R.H. Packwood ◽  
C. Gilles ◽  
S. Chryssoulis
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Depth Concentration

Merits and limitations of layered and ion implanted specimens as possible reference materials to calibrate spatially resolved analytical techniques are discussed and illustrated for the case of gold analysis in minerals by means of x-ray spectrometry with the EPMA. To overcome the random heterogeneities of minerals, thin film deposition and ion implantation may offer an original approach to the manufacture of controlled concentration/ distribution reference materials for quantification of trace elements with the same matrix as the unknown.In order to evaluate the accuracy of data obtained by EPMA we have compared measured and calculated x-ray intensities for homogeneous and heterogeneous specimens. Au Lα and Au Mα x-ray intensities were recorded at various electron beam energies, and hence at various sampling depths, for gold coated and gold implanted specimens. X-ray intensity calculations are based on the use of analytical expressions for both the depth ionization Φ (ρz) and the depth concentration C (ρz) distributions respectively.

Development of reference materials with the composition of propyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Irina A. Piterskikh ◽  
Svetlana V. Vikhrova ◽  
Nina G. Kovaleva ◽  
Tatyana O. Barynskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Characteristic Mass

Certified reference materials (CRM) composed of propyl (11383-2019) and isopropyl (11384-2019) alcohols solutions were created for validation of measurement procedures and control of measurement errors of measurement results of mass concentrations of toxic substances (alcohol) in biological objects (urine, blood) and water. Two ways of establishing the value of the certified characteristic – mass consentration of propanol-1 or propanol-2 have been studied. The results obtained by the preparation procedure and comparison with the standard are the same within the margin of error.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽  
Anna S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Mathematical Formalism and Political-Economic Content

2012 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
New Thinking

Mathematical methods are only one moment in a layered process of theory generation in political economy, which starts from Schumpeterian vision, progresses to the identification of relevant abstractions, the development of mathematical and quantitative models, and the confrontation of theories with empirical data through statistical methods. But today the relevant abstract problems of political economy are modified to fit available mathematical tools. The role of empirical research in disciplining theoretical speculation, on which the scientific traditions integrity rests, was undermined by specific limitations of nascent econometric methods, and usurped by ex cathedra methodological fiats of theorists. These developmentssystematically favored certain ideological predispositions of economicsas a discipline. There is abundant room for New Thinking in political economy starting from the vision of the capitalist economy as a complex, adaptive system far from equilibrium, including the development of the theory of statistical fluctuations for economic interactions, redirection of macroeconomics and financial economics from path prediction toward an understanding of the qualitative properties of the system, introduction of constructive and computable methods into economic modeling, and the critical reconstruction of econometric statistical methods.

Plasma parameters in atomic-emission spectral analysis of phosphate concentrates of the fission products

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
M. I. Khamdeev ◽  
E. A. Erin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis ◽  
Excitation Processes

Physical parameters of electric arc plasma as well as their time dependences are calculated when analyzing phosphate precipitates of the fission products of irradiated nuclear fuel. Phosphate concentrates of the fission products are known for their complex chemical composition and high thermal and chemical stability. Hence, direct atomic emission spectral analysis of phosphate powders without transferring them into solutions is advisable. Different conditions of sample preparation and synthesis of the reference materials determine the different chemical forms of the elements to be determined. This, in turn, affects the kinetics of their evaporation in the electrode crate and excitation processes in the plasma. The known mechanisms of those processes cannot always be transferred to specific conditions of the given method of analysis thus entailing the necessity of studying the effect of the samples chemical composition on the results of determination, proper choice of spectroscopic carriers, detailed study of spectra excitation processes in spectral analysis, and analysis of the physical parameters of the electric arc plasma. We used the lines Zn I 307.206 nm and Zn I 307.589 nm to measure the effective temperature of the central hot sections of the arc in a range of4500 - 6500 K. NaCl, BaCl2 and NaCl + T1C1 were studied to reduce the effect of the sample elemental composition on excitation conditions of the spectra and their stabilization as a spectroscopic carrier. In control experiments we used carrier-free samples. The coincidence of the values of the plasma physical parameters within the measurement error not exceeding 20%, as well as the identity of the nature of the kinetic curves for samples of phosphate precipitates and synthetic reference materials prove their correctness. The result of the study substantiate correctness of the direct atomic-emission spectral procedure in analysis of phosphate concentrates of fission when using synthetic reference materials.

ICP-MS AND ICP-AES ANALYSIS OF PLANT REFERENCE MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
I. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
A. A. Kravchenko ◽  
S. V. Palessky ◽  
S. V. Nechepurenko ◽  
D. V. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Lithium Metaborate ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Microwave System ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Siberian Pine

Two methods — ICP-MS and ICP-AES are used for certification of the new reference material — needles of Siberian pine (NSP-1). Techniques of the analysis include decomposition of plant samples in two different ways: acid digestion in a microwave system MARS-5 and lithium metaborate fusion followed by ICP-MS and ICP-AES analysis of the solutions. Simultaneous determinations of all the elements were carried out in low, medium and high resolution using SF-mass-spectrometer ELEMENT and atomic-emission spectrometer IRIS Advantage with external calibrations and internal standards (In — ICP-MS, Sc —ICP-AES). Middle and high resolutions of ICP mass spectrometer were used for interference corrections. Data obtained by ICP-MS and ICP-AES with different decomposition techniques are in good agreement. The ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques have been validated by the analysis of three plant reference materials: LB-1 (leaf of a birch), Tr-1 (grass mixture) and EK-1 (Canadian pondweed). These techniques were used for the determination of 38 elements in the new reference material NSP-1. Relative standard deviations for most of the determined elements were below 10%. Combination of ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques for certification of the new reference material makes it possible to expand the set of elements to be determined and to reduce the total analysis time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document