Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Determination of thickness of anodic oxidation coatings. Non-destructive measurement by split-beam microscope

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Non-destructive measurement of chlorophyll b:a ratios and identification of photosynthetic pathways in grasses by reflectance spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Siebke ◽  
Marilyn C. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Equations for non-destructive determination of chlorophyll b : a ratios in grasses were developed from reflectance spectra of intact leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two barley mutants: clorina f2, which lacks chlorophyll b and clorina f104, which has a low chlorophyll b content. These plants enabled separation of effects of chlorophyll composition on reflectance spectra due to differential light absorption by chlorophylls a and b and to measure the effects of chlorophyll b on the contribution of fluorescence emitted by chlorophyll a to the reflectance spectra. Indices developed from these data were then tested on growth chamber-grown leaves from six C3 and 17 C4 grass species (7 NAD-ME and 10 NADP-ME subtypes). We used the chlorophyll b : a ratio because the data were less skewed than the chlorophyll a : b ratio. The best index for determination of the chlorophyll b : a ratio utilised wavelengths affected by chlorophyll absorbance: [R626 – 0.5 (R603 + R647)]/[R552– R626]. The chlorophyll b : a ratio was significantly lower in the C4 than C3 grasses, but was not sufficient in itself to separate these two functional groups. However, because of differences in fluorescence characteristics, C3 and C4 species could be distinguished by an index based on wavelengths affected by chlorophyll fluorescence: [R696 to 709/R545 to 567].

Non-Destructive and Semi-Destructive Test Methods for Strength Determination of Aged Wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Anton Kraler ◽  
Wilfried Beikircher
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

To what extent is there a change in the strength of wood over the course of centuries, when installed under a constant load? Are there non-destructive measurement methods for the determination of strength that are suitable for this investigation? These two questions were the starting point of this research project. Through experience we have learned that the strength of wood is dependent on the growth regions and climatic conditions in which it originates. For example, over centuries, in a northern Italian valley, there were commonly known and clearly defined areas which provided the wood for the construction of the local buildings. Another decisive factor for selecting this research region was that the buildings concerned had already been dated by means of dendrochronology. This created a unique situation in that the strength of the timber in these buildings, which cover about nine centuries (1250 to present), could be compared and analyzed. Local spruce and larch used in the construction typical of this region were selected for the investigations. Starting with 1250AD (the oldest dated wood construction) and in consecutive steps of 100 years, two projects (of the entire 18 projects) are selected and explored. Three non-destructive and respectively semi-destructive measurement methods were used for the strength testing. The measurement devices are: for drill resistance measuring IML-RESI F400S, for the fractometer tests (bending and compression tests) IML-Instrumenta Mechanik Labor Gmbh. For ultrasonic testing the device Sylvatest duo is used. So the validity of the measurement systems used could be brought into relation with the actual strength. Some small, flawless samples (without knots) from selected projects were removed and then tested in a laboratory with the universal testing machine Shimadzu 100KN.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitored Road Degradation Functions as a Tool to Increase Quality of Pavement Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9839
Author(s):  
Stefan Sedivy ◽  
Lenka Mikulova ◽  
Peter Danisovic ◽  
Juraj Sramek ◽  
Lubos Remek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Management Systems ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Ensuring the sustainability of road infrastructure cannot be achieved without the continuous application of new knowledge and approaches within individual management steps. A particularly risky stage in the life cycle of existing roads is the operation phase. High attention is paid to the environmental, financial and social impacts and benefits of individual processes applied by road managers. These processes meet in pavement management systems (PMS), which, however, cannot work reliably without the necessary input data. Information on the development of the technical condition of the road can also be included among the most important data. The paper brings the first outputs from several years of research of measurements on the Slovak 1st class road. Its aim is to gradually determine the degradation functions for the needs of Slovak geographical, climatic and transport conditions. The secondary objective is to verify the reliability of non-destructive measurement procedures of the technical condition of the road. Emphasis is placed on the application of such mathematical procedures that can not only reliably bring about the determination of past developments in the roadway, but can also present the expected picture of future developments.

Determination of Tomato Quality by near Infrared Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A321-A324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Hong ◽  
Samson C.S. Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
B Value ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used in the quality assessment of tomato. The experimental results demonstrated that acceptable prediction of quality index, including total soluble solid, titratable acidity and colour (-a/b value) could be achieved. The advantages of using NIR spectroscopy include rapid analysis, simplified sample preparation, non-destructive measurement and lack of chemical pollution. This has suggested that NIR spectroscopy can serve as a useful tool for mass screening in breeding programmes and also for quality control in the processing industry.

Residual Stresses Gradient Determination in Cu Thin Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Vincent Ji ◽  
Jian Min Zhang ◽  
Wilfrid Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Family Plan ◽  
New Development ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

The non-destructive analysis by GIXRD allows us to determine the residual stress distribution as a function of XRD penetration depth and film thickness. A new development on the determination of residual stresses distribution is presented here. The procedure, based on the GIXRD geometry (referred to here as the ‘sin2ψ*’), enables non-destructive measurement of stresses gradient with only one diffraction family plan at a chosen depth taking into account the correction of measured direction. The chosen penetration depth is well defined for different combination of ψ and Φ and needs not to be changed during experimentation. This method was applied for measurement of residual stress gradient in Cu thin films. The obtained residual stress levels and their distribution were quite comparable with those determined by another multi-reflection method.

Stoichiometric Determination of Graphite Intercalation Compounds Using Rutherford Backscatiering Spectrometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salamanca-Riba ◽  
B.S. Elman ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus ◽  
T. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTRutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is used to characterize the stoichiometry of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC). Specific application is made to several stages of different donor and acceptor compounds and to commensurate and incommensurate intercalants. A deviation from the theoretical stoichiometry is measured for most of the compounds using this non-destructive method. Within experimental error, the RBS results agree with those obtained from analysis of the (00ℓ) x-ray diffractograms and weight uptake measurements on the same samples.

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prong Kongsubto ◽  
Sirarat Kongwudthiti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Film Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

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