Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic � Determination of adhesion to a rigid substrate � 90� peel method

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Substrate

Stresses in a Thin Piezoelectric Element Bonded to a Half-Space

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (11S) ◽  
pp. S204-S209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang E. Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Bonding Layer ◽  
Rigid Substrate ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Piezoceramic Element

In this paper, a thin piezoceramic element is considered which is bonded to an elastic or a rigid half-space. Such a model may be an approximation of the interaction between piezoceramic elements and elastic structures like beams and plates. For an elastic half-space, the determination of the shear stress in the bonding layer leads to a singular integral equation. A half-space which is very stiff may be modeled as a rigid substrate. For this case, displacement functions are introduced. Hamilton’s principle for electromechanical systems allows the use of Lagrange multipliers to incorporate the condition of a stress free upper surface of the piezoceramic element. The stresses in the bonding layer and in the piezoceramic element are estimated by this method and compared with Finite Element results. Though the singularity near the ends of the piezoceramic element cannot be modeled by both methods, stress concentrations can clearly be seen for the shear stress as well as for the normal stress. As infinite stresses due to the singularity do not occur in reality, the results allow an estimation of the bonding stresses except in the near vicinity of the edges. The knowledge of these stresses is important to prevent failure due to delamination.

Biaxial State of Stress in SiGe Epilayers on Patterned Si Substrates

1993 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Fischer ◽  
Hans Richter
Keyword(s):  
Film Structure ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Stress Fields ◽  
Rigid Substrate ◽  
Misfit Stress ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Thick Substrate ◽  
Multilayer Substrate

ABSTRACTWe present a two-dimensional analysis of the in-plane misfit stress and its elastic relaxation in rectangular patterned heteroepitaxial multilayer structures on rigid substrate. Based on the generally acknowledged model of relaxing film stress we calculate the distribution of the misfit stress versus distance from the free surface of a multilayered mesa edge. By superposition of the isolated stress fields of the mesa edges, we obtain the biaxial misfit stress distribution in a finite heteroepitaxial thin film structure on thick substrate. The formalism developed permits the determination of the variation of stress values as a function of material and size characteristics of the patterned multilayer-substrate system. The theoretical analysis will be applied to the SiGe/Si strained layer epitaxy and III-V compound semiconductor integration with Si or Ge.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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