Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors. Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

scholarly journals Combining Heat Pumps with Solar Energy for Domestic Hot Water Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Genkinger ◽  
Ralf Dott ◽  
Thomas Afjei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

scholarly journals Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00057
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Piotr Jadwiszczak
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Green Power

Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.

scholarly journals Flexibility Services to Minimize the Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels. A Case Study in a Mediterranean Small Island

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crainz ◽  
Curto ◽  
Franzitta ◽  
Longo ◽  
Montana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Diesel Generators

The design of multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has become increasingly important in the last decades, due to the need to move towards more efficient, flexible, and reliable power systems. In a MES, electricity, heating, cooling, water, and other resources interact at various levels, in order to get optimized operation. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal combination of components, their optimal sizes, and operating schedule allowing minimizing the annual cost for meeting the energy demand of Pantelleria, a Mediterranean island. Starting from the existing energy system (comprising diesel generators, desalination plant, freshwater storage, heat pumps, and domestic hot water storages) the installation of solar resources (photovoltaic and solar thermal) and electrical storage were considered. In this way, the optimal scheduling of storage units injections, water desalination operation, and domestic hot water production was deduced. An energy hub model was implemented using MATLAB to represent the problem. All equations in the model are linear functions, and variables are real or integer. Thus, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm was used for the solution of the optimization problem. Results prove that the method allows a strong reduction of operating costs of diesel generators also in the existing configuration.

scholarly journals Consumption and Emissions Analysis in Domestic Hot Water Hotels. Case Study: Canary Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Díaz Pérez ◽  
Ricardo Díaz Martín ◽  
Francisco Pérez Trujillo ◽  
Moises Díaz ◽  
Adib Mouhaffel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Heat

We analyze the energy consumption of domestic hot water (DHW) in the hotels of the archipelago of the Canary Islands (Spain). Currently, systems use fossil fuels of propane and gas oil. However, this paper analyzes several alternative systems which focus on renewable and mixed energies, such as biomass, solar thermal and heat pumps systems associated with an electric generation with photovoltaic solar panels for self-consumption. The carbon footprint generated is calculated for each method of generation of DHW. In our analysis, we demonstrate that by using a high-temperature heat pump with an average coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 4.4 associated with photovoltaic solar panels, a zero-emission domestic hot water system can be achieved, when the installation area of the photovoltaic solar panels is equal to that of the solar thermal system. The importance of DHW’s carbon footprint is proven, as is the efficiency of using high-temperature heat pumps associated with photovoltaic solar panels. As such, such mixed system suggests that the generation of DHW would have zero emissions with maximum annual savings according to hotel occupancy, between 112,417 and 137,644 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), compared to current boilers based on fossil fuels.

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