The fundamental practical principles applied to any radiation protection problem are discussed. Types of radiation that may be encountered include α-particles, β-particles, γ-rays, neutrons, X-rays, or a combination. Each presents its own particular practical problems in terms of radiation protection, and the properties and practical principles that should be considered for each are outlined. The framework required to manage radiation protection and the practical techniques important in restricting exposure are discussed. The practical control measures of time, distance, and shielding that are invoked to restrict exposure from external radiation are considered for each type of radiation. Methods for limiting intake of radioactive material through ingestion, inhalation, and absorption to minimize internal exposure are described.