Safety identification. Escape and evacuation plan signs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evacuation Plan

scholarly journals Self-Organized Crowd Dynamics: Research on Earthquake Emergency Response Patterns of Drill-Trained Individuals Based on GIS and Multi-Agent Systems Methodology

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Hai Sun ◽  
Lanling Hu ◽  
Wenchi Shou ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Exit Choice ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Exit Options

Predicting evacuation patterns is useful in emergency management situations such as an earthquake. To find out how pre-trained individuals interact with one another to achieve their own goal to reach the exit as fast as possible firstly, we investigated urban people’s evacuation behavior under earthquake disaster coditions, established crowd response rules in emergencies, and described the drill strategy and exit familiarity quantitatively through a cellular automata model. By setting different exit familiarity ratios, simulation experiments under different strategies were conducted to predict people’s reactions before an emergency. The corresponding simulation results indicated that the evacuees’ training level could affect a multi-exit zone’s evacuation pattern and clearance time. Their exit choice preferences may disrupt the exit options’ balance, leading to congestion in some of the exits. Secondly, due to people’s rejection of long distances, congestion, and unfamiliar exits, some people would hesitant about the evacuation direction during the evacuation process. This hesitation would also significantly reduce the overall evacuation efficiency. Finally, taking a community in Zhuhai City, China, as an example, put forward the best urban evacuation drill strategy. The quantitative relation between exit familiar level and evacuation efficiency was obtained. The final results showed that the optimized evacuation plan could improve evacuation’s overall efficiency through the self-organization effect. These studies may have some impact on predicting crowd behavior during evacuation and designing the evacuation plan.

scholarly journals A stochastic programming approach for Shelter location and evacuation planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat Bayram ◽  
Hande Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Allocation ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Allocation Decisions

Shelter location and traffic allocation decisions are critical for an efficient evacuation plan. In this study, we propose a scenario-based two-stage stochastic evacuation planning model that optimally locates shelter sites and that assigns evacuees to nearest shelters and to shortest paths within a tolerance degree to minimize the expected total evacuation time. Our model considers the uncertainty in the evacuation demand and the disruption in the road network and shelter sites. We present a case study for a potential earthquake in Istanbul. We compare the performance of the stochastic programming solutions to solutions based on single scenarios and mean values.

September 11, 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Jessica DuLong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Port Security ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Port Of New York ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
First Time

This chapter assesses the overwhelming task of building up Coast Guard security operations after the 9/11 attacks. A decade and a half later, the new captain of the port, Captain Michael Day said that the current culture of vigilance combined with an even stronger “unity of purpose and effort” than that which he extolled in 2001 have created a far safer port. Today's security systems are much more integrated across agencies than they were before. These important, although somewhat intangible, differences between then and now have also been reinforced by the very tangible reality of infrastructure. The Port of New York and New Jersey has received what Day called the “enabling mechanism of fairly robust port security grants.” Not only does the Coast Guard have better tools and equipment, it also has better systems in place for addressing security issues with a multiagency approach. And now, for the first time, there is an actual maritime evacuation plan.

Emergency Evacuation Path Choice Based on Space Network in Public Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2370-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Fan ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Pei Gang Li ◽  
Guo Fu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Space Network ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Path Calculation

Preliminary design is core content of establishing emergency evacuation plan. A Link-Node space network structure model is founded for simulating public places in this paper. Based on the model, the basic model of crowd evacuation plan is analyzed and validated with an example. Then, a method of logical shortest path calculation is put forward, and satisfied preferably request of emergency evacuation plan design.

scholarly journals Flow Improvement in Evacuation Planning with Budget Constrained Switching Costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Chandra Dhungana ◽  
Tanka Nath Dhamala
Keyword(s):  
Network Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Constrained Problems ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Flow Improvement

Many large-scale natural and human-created disasters have drawn the attention of researchers towards the solutions of evacuation planning problems and their applications. The main focus of these solution strategies is to protect the life, property, and their surroundings during the disasters. With limited resources, it is not an easy task to develop a universally accepted model to handle such issues. Among them, the budget-constrained network flow improvement approach plays significant role to evacuate the maximum number of people within the given time horizon. In this paper, we consider an evacuation planning problem that aims to shift a maximum number of evacuees from a danger area to a safe zone in limited time under the budget constraints for network modification. Different flow improvement strategies with respect to fixed switching cost will be investigated, namely, integral, rational, and either to increase the full capacity of an arc or not at all. A solution technique on static network is extended to the dynamic one. Moreover, we introduce the static and dynamic maximum flow problems with lane reversal strategy and also propose efficient algorithms for their solutions. Here, the contraflow approach reverses the direction of arcs with respect to the lane reversal costs to increase the flow value. As an implementation of an evacuation plan may demand a large cost, the solutions proposed here with budget constrained problems play important role in practice.

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