Surfaces for sport areas. Determination of thickness of unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor sports areas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Outdoor Sports

In situ determination of Brønsted/Lewis acidity on cation-exchanged clay mineral surfaces by ATR-IR

Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Billingham ◽  
C. Breen ◽  
J. Yarwood
Keyword(s):  
Acid Sites ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Lewis Acid Sites ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
Liquid Benzene

AbstractAttenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to determine the nature of acid sites present in Na+-, Ni2+- and Al3+-exchanged montmorillonite using the diagnostic base, pyridine. The pyridine additions were performed in situ at 25°C in the presence of liquid benzene or deuterated 1,4-dioxan to ascertain whether the acidity profile was influenced by the presence of either the non-polar or oxygenated solvent. Pyridine treated Ni2+-montmorillonite exhibited absorption bands characteristic of Lewis bound base in both benzene and deuterated 1,4-dioxan indicating that the Lewis acid sites were present at low temperature and were accessible in both solvents. The presence of a strong 1537 cm−1 band in pyridine-saturated Al3+-montmorillonite confirmed that this clay acted as a Brønsted acid in benzene. However, this diagnostic band was significantly reduced in the presence of deuterated 1,4-dioxan.

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