Plastics. Determination of specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (pVT diagram). Piston apparatus method

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Volume ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Ultrasonic Measurements with Rubber Compounds during Extrusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caspary ◽  
P. Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Reciprocal Value

Abstract The dependence of the Index of Elasticity, E, the reciprocal value of sound velocity, on temperature and pressure is related to specific volume and compressibility of rubbers. The sensitivity of E towards changes of temperature and pressure was calculated, indicating a new versatile possibility for the control of rubber extruders. To confirm this, extruder experiments were carried out with an SHR compound, of which a working diagram was established showing the complete behavior of E=f(p,T). The effect of compound composition, especially of plasticizer and carbon black content, was examined. Viscosity in the extruder primarily determines changes in E. The method was shown to be applicable up to a die diameter of at least 200 mm. The method may also be applied to follow degradation of rubber compounds during mastication.

Carbon Black. I—A Study of Its Volatile Constituents

1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The rates of evolution of gas from carbon black with variation of time, temperature, and pressure have been determined. Complete analyses have been made of five types of carbon black, which involve an organic combustion of the original sample, an organic combustion of the sample after the gases have been removed, a determination of the loss in weight represented by the gases removed, analyses of the gases removed, and finally a complete accounting, or balance, of the carbon in the steps considered. In an attempt to supply some missing information not revealed by the foregoing, some special gas analyses under varying conditions were made. The relationship between the amount and composition of volatile matter evolved from carbon blacks and the properties imparted to vulcanized rubber when compounded with these blacks has been studied.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Study on Three Combustion Models for the Determination of the Performance Parameters of Nitrocellulose - Based Propellants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Titi Paraschiv ◽  
Tudor Viorel Tiganescu ◽  
George Ovidiu Iorga ◽  
Raluca Elena Ginghina ◽  
Octavian Constantin Grigoroiu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Heat Of Explosion ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Double Base

Nitrocellulose based propellants are the main materials used for ballistic and rocket applications. The chemical composition of the propellants, the loading density and propellant grain geometry are the decisive parameters that influence the performance parameters in ballistic application. In this paper the authors evaluate three models of combustion for energetic materials for the determination of heat of explosion and specific volume together with the adiabatic flame temperature. The authors select six types of propellant (two simple base propellants, two double base propellants based on nitroglycerine and two triple base propellants based on nitroguanidine) and the authors determined the heat of explosion and specific volume using a bomb calorimeter and a Julius-Peters device. The results obtained from the combustion models were compared to the experimental results and assumptions were done on the influence of pressure and temperature on the chemical composition of combustion gases produced by the confined deflagration of nitrocellulose-based propellants.

scholarly journals Determination of partial specific volume and absolute concentration by densimetry

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Stothart
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Partial Specific Volume ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Non Destructive

The apparent partial specific volume, phi, of a protein (or other macromolecule) and the absolute concentration, c, can be determined from the densimetry of solutions and diffusates in 1H2O, 2H2O and 1H2O/2H2O mixtures if the ratios of concentrations (relative concentrations) are known. The densimetry method allows a non-destructive check on total macromolecule concentrations without prior knowledge of specific u.v.-absorption coefficient. The method may be especially useful in small-angle neutron-scattering studies.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Adsorption of 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene and Quinoline over Nickel and Boron Modified Gamma-Al2O3 Adsorbent

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Camu ◽  
Barbara Pasten ◽  
Camila Matus ◽  
Fernanda Ramirez ◽  
Juan Ojeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simultaneous Adsorption ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Π Complexation

The simultaneous adsorption of quinoline and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over adsorbents, based on alumina modified with boron and nickel under ambient temperature and pressure, was studied. The adsorbents were characterized by BET specific surface area, a potentiometric method for the determination of acid strength, electrophoretic migration, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the adsorbent containing nickel had better adsorption capacity than the adsorbent modified with nickel and boron, which was attributed to its greater acidity and ability to generate π-complexation between the adsorbent and the molecules. In terms of selectivity, quinoline was more adsorbed than 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene in all systems, due to the basic nature of quinoline. The experimental data in all cases were adjusted by three kinetic models (Yoon–Nelson, Yan and Thomas), and the regression coefficients in all models were close to one. Finally, the values of the kinetic constant obtained by the Thomas model were used to relate the adsorption capacity results.

Infrared Determination of Dithianon

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-662
Author(s):  
R C Double
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Specific Volume

Abstract An infrared spectrophotometric method of analysis of dithianon in concentrates and formulated powders containing zineb and sulfur has been developed. Dithianon is extracted with chloroform from the concentrate or formulation; the extract is evaporated and diluted to a specific volume with chloroform; and the dithianon present is determined from the infrared absorption at 1275 cm-1. From 20 to 80 mg dithianon in 10 ml chloroform are readily determined.

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