Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors. Comparison of worldwide standards on electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility

scholarly journals Influence of Aircraft Power Electronics Processing on Backup VHF Radio Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Jan Leuchter ◽  
Radim Bloudicek ◽  
Jan Boril ◽  
Josef Bajer ◽  
Erik Blasch
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Switching Power ◽  
Radio Systems ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes the influence of power electronics, energy processing, and emergency radio systems (ERS) immunity testing on onboard aircraft equipment and ground stations providing air traffic services. The implementation of next-generation power electronics introduces potential hazards for the safety and reliability of aircraft systems, especially the interferences from power electronics with high-power processing. The paper focuses on clearly identifying, experimentally verifying, and quantifiably measuring the effects of power electronics processing using switching modes versus the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of emergency radio systems with electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be very critical when switching power radios utilize backup receivers, which are used as aircraft backup systems or airport last-resort systems. The switching power electronics process produces interfering electromagnetic energy to create problems with onboard aircraft radios or instrument landing system (ILS) avionics services. Analyses demonstrate significant threats and risks resulting from interferences between radio and power electronics in airborne systems. Results demonstrate the impact of interferences on intermediate-frequency processing, namely, for very high frequency (VHF) radios. The paper also describes the methodology of testing radio immunity against both weak and strong signals in accordance with recent aviation standards and guidance for military radio communication systems in the VHF band.

scholarly journals Reduction of Electromagnetic Interference Using ZnO-PCL Nanocomposites at Microwave Frequency

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Yakubu ◽  
Zulkifly Abbas ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Home Appliance ◽  
Coaxial Probe ◽  
Very High

In industrial equipment and home appliance applications, the electromagnetic compatibility compliance directive (ECCD) demands that electromagnetic interference side effects be eliminated or marginally minimized. The equipment must not disturb radio and telecommunication as well as other appliances. Additionally the ECCD also governs the immunity of such equipment to interference and seeks to ensure that this equipment is not disturbed by radio emissions when used as intended. Many types of absorbing materials are commercially available. However, many are expensive and not environmentally friendly. It is in the light of the above that we studied the electromagnetic absorption properties of ZnO-PCL nanocomposites prepared from cheap and abundant resources which are environmentally friendly (zinc and polycaprolactone). The test was carried out using a microstrip, open ended coaxial probe, and vector network analyzer. Amongst other findings, result showed that the ZnO-PCL nanocomposite has the capability of attenuating microwave frequency up to −18.2 dB due to their very high specific surface areas attributed to the nanofillers at 12 GHz.

scholarly journals Обеспечение электромагнитной совместимости систем интеллектуального управления при появлении помех в судовых кабельных трассах

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Agafonov ◽  
A.A. Worshevsky ◽  
P.A. Vorshevskii ◽  
E.S. Grishakov ◽  
A.S. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Digital Technique

Системы интеллектуального управления базируются на использовании цифровой техники и по своему принципу действия восприимчивы к внешним помехам. Изменения напряжения и тока в кабелях, электромагнитные поля могут привести к появлению в цепях передачи информации и питания систем напряжений, похожих на полезные сигналы, что приведет к сбоям в работе систем. Технология электромагнитной совместимости (ЭМС) призвана устранить взаимные влияния оборудования и обеспечить его нормальную работу в условиях действия помех. Кабельные трассы являются особенно значимым фактором для обеспечения ЭМС на судах. Помехи распространяются в кабелям от источников к чувствительному электронному оборудованию (ЭО). Метод распространяющихся волн дает возможность рассчитать изменения помех при распространении по кабелям. Силовые и информационные кабели могут прокладываться в одной трассе, что приводит к их электромагнитной связи. Рассмотренные модели оценивают наведенные напряжения в информационных кабелях при появлении помех в силовых кабелях. Параметры электромагнитной связи кабелей могут быть определены расчетным путем и экспериментально на основе предлагаемой методики. Приведенные рекомендации по снижение уровня излучаемых помех от кабельных трасс, снижению наведенных напряжений и выполнению экранирования призваны помочь разработчикам ЭО и систем в обеспечении ЭМС.Intellectual control systems are based on digital technique. Digital electronic equipment (EE) is the receptor of electromagnetic interference due to its function principle. EE malfunction can be caused by induced voltages in input/output and power supply circuits. Voltage and current changes in cables leads to electromagnetic noise and induced voltages. Protection technique for power, input/output, case and grounding ports can be used in equipment and ship systems design. Electromagnetic compatibility technique must eliminate mutual influence of EE and give normal function of EE in real electromagnetic environment. Cable run is important factor for EMC obtaining in ships. Noise voltage propagates in cable from noise source to sensitive EE. Voltage parameters can be calculated with travelling wave technique. There are power and information cables in shipboard cable run. Electromagnetic coupling of cables leads to voltages in one cable induced by voltages and current in other cable. Coupling models give possibility to calculate induced voltages. Parameters of coupling can be determined with calculation on the base of detailed information about cable run or with proposed experiment procedure. Proposed recommendations about cable emission decreasing, cables decoupling and shielding can be useful for EMC obtaining.

Study of Blind Source Separation on Transmission Line EMI

2013 ◽  
Vol 846-847 ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Zi Hua Li ◽  
Chun Yan Xiao ◽  
Shuai Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Fast Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Fastica Algorithm ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Emc Design

The transmission line is an important part of electrical system. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals can be picked up by transmission lines in a way of conduction or radiation, and interfere the sensitive devices located in the power source end and the load end, so it is important and necessary to separate and identify the EMI source signals coupling to the transmission lines in order to guide the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design and the further EMI diagnosis and suppression. Fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm is studied and programmed, and its feasibility and separation performance are validated via simulation of BSS of three mixed signals and the average signals to interference ratio (SIR) is approximately 30 dB. The model of crosstalk of transmission lines is built and simulated, the interference signals are separated by the FastICA algorithm, and the average SIR is over 20 dB. Periodicity and spectral characteristics of the separated interference signals are analyzed, and the identification of interference signals is realized.

Antenna Calibration Methods for Antenna Factor Measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mescia ◽  
O. Losito ◽  
V. Castrovilla ◽  
P. Bia ◽  
F. Prudenzano
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Antenna Impedance ◽  
Antenna Factor

In the fields of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility, it is important to measure the strength of the electric field originating from electric devices. For this purpose, knowledge of the antenna factor of a receiving antenna is necessary. According to international standards, the accurate measurement of the antenna factor involves the use of calibration test sites characterized by very large sizes of both the ground plane and the empty space volume above it. As a consequence, these setup conditions make the antenna factor measurements quite expensive for the customer. In this paper, the authors discuss the well know antenna-based and site-based methods as well as recently measurement method called Antenna Impedance Method as able to obtain the free-space antenna factor. Moreover, the authors investigate on the suitability of semi-anechoic chamber for reliable antenna factor calibrations. In particular, the experimental measurements of the antenna factor obtained by using the antenna impedance method were compared with Standard Field Method and the data provided by the manufacturer of three antennas (Biconical, Log-periodic and Horn antenna) founding an agreement with the international standard ANSI C63.5-2006.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Medical Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Wei Wang ◽  
Ting-Tse Lin
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Implantable Device ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulator

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in biomedical applications is a significant issue related to the user’s life safety, especially in implantable medical devices. Cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are the main chronic disease worldwide that rely on implantable treatment devices such as cardiac pacemakers and vagus nerve stimulators. Both devices must have high EMC to avoid electromagnetic interference-induced health risks, even death during the treatment. Thus, it is important to understand how EMI can affect implantable devices and proactively protect devices from electromagnetic interference, providing reliable and safe implantable device therapy. To this end, this chapter comprehensively introduces the clinical issues and provides EMC requirements for the implantable device such as a cardiac pacemaker and vagus nerve stimulator. The significance of this chapter is to present the EMC important issues in medical engineering that can help to evolve reliable and secure implantable device development in the future.

scholarly journals On optimal number of cognitive radios considering co-site electromagnetic compatibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxue Liao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Spectrum Holes ◽  
Cognitive User

AbstractWith the development and wide applications of wireless communication technology, the limited spectrum resources and the fixed spectrum allocation policy could no longer satisfy the demand for wireless communication. Just for this reason, many spectrum resources become spectrum holes because they are allocated but not used. Cognitive radio is now becoming one of the most important techniques for high utility of these spectrum holes. If the holes available to cognitive users are abundant over a certain time, it is a worth consideration to increase network throughputs by orthogonal multiplexing as many as spectrum holes. A multi-transceiver configuration is one of the possible solutions for this purpose. With such a schema, all transceivers within a cognitive user work in a concurrent or parallel mode, by which the throughput of the network can be increased. However, co-site working cognitive radios may incur electromagnetic interference between each other. When more cognitive radios are equipped, much electromagnetic interference may be incurred. Many techniques are proposed to mitigate such so-siting interference; however, none of them have addressed the probability that the interference will happen. If the probability could be estimated in advance, the user will make a better planning on the configurations of the co-siting working radios. Based on an elaborated n-fold multiple integral model, we propose a novel method to decide how many cognitive radios can be installed for one cognitive user at most. This is our main contribution with this work, providing an enhanced ability to determine the optimal number of cognitive radios installed within each cognitive user. We make a strict deduction on electromagnetic compatibility probability with various parameters of cognitive radios. Simulations are performed and the results show that the electromagnetic compatibility of the simulated cognitive radio system meets the deducted probability by this method very well.

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