Tube furnace method for the determination of toxic product yields in fire effluents

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
In Fire

scholarly journals A Comparison of Toxic Product Yields Obtained From Five Laboratories Using the Steady State Tube Furnace (ISO TS 19700)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stec ◽  
T. Hull ◽  
J. Purser ◽  
P. Blomqvist ◽  
K. Lebek
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Toxic Product

Comparative study of toxicity for thermoplastic polyurethane and its flame-retardant composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Ruowen Zong ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Chaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
In Fire

Toxic product in fire disasters is the most important reason for fire casualties. With wide application of polymer material, the toxic products in fire effluents are getting more and more diversified and complicated. Polyurethane is one of the most widely used materials. In this article, the fire toxicant release has been evaluated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and its flame-retardant composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum hydroxide (ATH), and nano-montmorillonite (MMT) were combined into different flame-retardant combinations at certain ratios. Three kinds of flame-retardant combinations (APP-ATH, APP-MMT, and APP-ATH-MMT) were blended to reduce toxicity of TPU. The properties of thermal stability and decomposition were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA/infrared spectrometry, static tube furnace, and steady-state tube furnace were used to evaluate the toxic gases, including CO and HCN. Fractional effective dose (FED) was calculated based on the concentrations of CO, CO2, and HCN. The results showed that more than 50% toxicity effect in FED was accounted for HCN. The comprehensive toxicity of TPU was reduced in the samples with APP-ATH and APP-ATH-MMT. The yields of CO, CO2, and O2 consumption were indicated much lower in the samples with APP-ATH-MMT than the other two combinations.

The Communication Aspect of Advertising Technologies in Fire Alarm and Video Surveillance Services in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Victoria Kornilova ◽  
Keskil Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
The Republic ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of the communicative aspect of advertising technologies. The authors point out the need to study it in order to improve the effectiveness of advertising impact on the consumer in the field of installation services of fire alarm and video surveillance. Determination of effectiveness has led to reflection of criteria and indicators of advertising impact on the consumer and the choice of the most effective forms of work in the current conditions of the regional market. To ensure the validity of their assumptions, the researchers made an attempt to test the main provisions of the work in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), thereby confirming the results obtained.

scholarly journals SANDWICH PANELS – BEHAVIOR IN FIRE BASED ON FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Roszkowski ◽  
Paweł Sulik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Building Elements

<p>Sandwich panel is the material that is easy and quickly to install. Basing on a great experience in the area of determination of the fire resistance class of construction building elements the authors describe the properties and behavior of building elements made of the sandwich panels exposed to fire. The article presents the results of fire resistance tests carried out in accordance with EN 1364-1 non-bearing walls made of sandwich panels with use of different cores.</p>The following parameters were analyzed: temperature rise on unexposed side (I – thermal insulation), integrity (E) depending on the orientations and on the width of the sandwich panels, deflection depending on the thickness of the boards. Conclusions were made on the base of the analysis from fire resistance tests.

Effects of the material and fire conditions on toxic product yields

Fire Toxicity ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 515-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Purser ◽  
A.A. Stec ◽  
T.R. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Product Yields ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
Fire Conditions

Analytical Method of Temperature Prediction in Reinforced Concrete Beams

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafi ◽  
Ali Nadjai
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Computational Support ◽  
In Fire

The determination of temperature profile within a reinforced concrete (RC) beam is essential for carrying out structural analysis at elevated temperatures. The temperatures are usually estimated using sophisticated numerical techniques which require computational support. Since the determination of rebar temperature in RC beams is more important than the concrete temperature a reliable analytical method of temperature prediction can become a helpful tool in simple beam analysis problems which are employed for determining residual strength in fire. This paper presents the details of development of an empirical equation for the prediction of temperature of rebar in RC beams. The equation is also capable of predicting concrete temperatures at different locations within the beam. The predictions made by the equation were compared with the temperatures determined from experimental beam testing and finite element (FE) analysis. A good correlation of the predicted temperatures was found for the entire time-temperature history with both the observed data and the estimated temperatures by FE models.

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