Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Determination of scratch resistance of enamel finishes

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Resistance

scholarly journals Laser System for Testing Early Shrinkage of Concrete Elements in Conjuction with the Deterioration of the Setting Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Jacek Gołaszewski ◽  
Tomasz Ponikiewski ◽  
Grzegorz Cygan ◽  
Małgorzata Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Speed Propagation

Abstract The paper presents a method for testing the shrinkage of concrete beams with dimensions of 10x10x50cm. Measurements followed from setting into the form until 24 hours after setting. It was used modified TLS system, which originally was meant for the determination of changes in the length of thin-mortar. Simultanously measured were the changes of speed propagation of sound waves by Vikasonic, what allows to specify the setting time of binders. It could be a base for determining the scratch resistance of the concrete in the first 24 hours after casting.

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