Cellular plastics. Determination of volume percentage of open and closed cells of rigid materials

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Percentage

scholarly journals PENENTUAN ANGKA OKTANA BAHAN BAKAR KOMERSIAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL KINETIKA OKSIDASI DAN PEMBAKARAN HIDROKARBON MULTIKOMPONEN

REAKTOR ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuswan Muharam ◽  
Chandra Hadiwijaya ◽  
Jacquin Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Commercial Fuel ◽  
Good Agreement

One of the characteristics of gasoline fuel is anti-knock property represented by its octanenumber. The determination of octane numbers in Indonesia is by using cooperative fuel researchengines. The usage of cooperative fuel research engines in Indonesia has constraints, i.e. the limitednumber of the units and the old age. This study aims to obtain the octane numbers of commercialfuels by using kinetic models. The kinetics models of the oxidation and combustion of primaryreference fuel and multi component hydrocarbons are used to calculate the ignition delay times ofprimary reference fuel and commercial fuels, respectively. The ignition delay times of primaryreference fuel and commercial fuels are calculated at the same initial pressure and temperature, aswell as the same equivalence ratio. The octane number of a commercial fuel is known if its ignitiondelay time agrees with that of PFR possessing a certain volume percentage of isooctane. The modelgenerates the octane numbers of commercial fuels BB-A being 92.5, BB-B being 94.5, BB-C being89, BB-D being 90.5 and BB-E being 91.5 with the good agreement with those claimed by the fuelproducers. Salah satu karakteristik bahan bakar bensin adalah sifat anti ketukan yang dinyatakan dengan angkaoktana. Penentuan angka oktana di Indonesia menggunakan mesin CFR (cooperative fuel research).Pemakaian mesin CFR di Indonesia memiliki kendala, yaitu jumlah unit terbatas dan usia tua.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan angka oktana bahan bakar komersial dengan menggunakanmodel kinetika. Model kinetika oksidasi dan pembakaran bahan bakar rujukan utama dan modelhidrokarbon multikomponen yang telah divalidasi masing-masing digunakan untuk menghitungwaktu tunda ignisi bahan bakar rujukan utama dan bahan bakar komersial. Waktu tunda ignisibahan bakar rujukan utama dan bahan bakar komersial dihitung pada tekanan dan temperatur awal,serta rasio ekuivalensi yang sama. Angka oktana suatu bahan bakar komersial diketahui apabilawaktu tunda ignisinya cocok dengan waktu tunda ignisi bahan bakar rujukan utama yang memilikipersen volume isooktana tertentu. Model menghasilkan angka oktana bahan bakar komersial BB-Asebesar 92,5, BB-B 94,5, BB-C 89, BB-D 90,5 dan BB-E 91,5 yang memiliki ketepatan yang tinggiterhadap klaim produser bahan bakar komersial.

The Lure of the Pitcher: How The Baseball Betting Market Is Influenced By Elite Starting Pitchers

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
Rodney J. Paul ◽  
Andrew P. Weinbach ◽  
Brad R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Baseball Game ◽  
Betting Market ◽  
Major League ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of elite starting pitchers on the Major League Baseball betting market. Starting pitchers are the key defensive element of a baseball game, and their value is generally reflected in the market odds on baseball games. This study uses highly detailed and previously unavailable data to examine the role of elite starting pitchers on game betting volume, percentage bet on the favorite and the underdog, and percentage bet on the “over” and the “under” in the baseball totals market. Not surprisingly, games involving an elite pitcher see significant differences in betting percentages and play a key role in the determination of betting volume. In addition, the star-player nature of elite pitchers being of a defensive, rather than offensive, nature leads to bettors wagering significantly more on the under in games involving elite starting pitchers.

scholarly journals Determination of the Solid Volume Percentage below Detectable Size in Electronic Counter Size Analysis

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 212 (5069) ◽  
pp. 1450-1450
Author(s):  
C. C. HARRIS ◽  
A. JOWETT
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Volume Percentage

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

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