Electromagnetic compatibility. Basic immunity standard. Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Immunity test

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility

Ticks and radio-frequency signals: behavioural response of ticks (Dermacentor reticulatus) in a 900 MHz electromagnetic field

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blažena Vargová ◽  
Juraj Kurimský ◽  
Roman Cimbala ◽  
Michal Kosterec ◽  
Igor Majláth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Radio Frequency Power ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Power Radiation ◽  
Frequency Power

The electromagnetic field (EMF) is present in the environment throughout the world and encompasses both natural and human-made sources of electromagnetic fields. It has been shown that EMF influences a variety of biological systems, including the behavioural responses of both vertebrates and invertebrates. As such, determining the effects of the EMF on the ecosystem in detail may be important for understanding the ecology and biology of organisms, particularly those, such as ticks, that are important in disease transmission. Our main goal was to determine if the tick, Dermacentor reticulatus, interacts with the EMF. An experimental behavioural test of tick sensitivity to radio frequency power radiation was performed under laboratory conditions. Tests were performed in an electromagnetic compatibility laboratory in a radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) anechoic chamber. Ticks were irradiated using a Double-Ridged Waveguide Horn Antenna with 900 MHz RF-EMF. The applied radio-frequency power was tuned below the proposed limit for public exposure to mobile phone base stations. We found that exposure induces an immediate tick locomotor response manifested either in a previously unreported jerking movement of the whole body or in jerking of the first pair of legs. Overall, ticks exhibited significantly greater movement in the presence of the RF-EMF. Significant sex differences relative to RF-EMF exposure were observed in both response variables. In the presence of RF-EMF, body jerking by females was greater than in males and vice versa for leg jerks. This study represents the first experimental evidence of a behavioural response of D. reticulatus ticks to exposure to RF-EMF. 

Radio Frequency Support for Space Systems Based on Multi-Satellite Constellations Taking into Account the ITU-R Requirements and the WRC-19 Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
А. А. Talanov ◽  
◽  
S. А. Fedotov ◽  
А. М. Stepanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Satellite Constellations ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum

Deployment of space systems based on multi-satellite constellations to provide broadband Internet access and communication services acutely raises the question of their radio frequency support including issues of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between competing space systems using multi-satellite constellations (StarLink, OneWeb, Kuiper, etc.), their EMC with traditional space systems (satellite communication systems that employ spacecraft in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits, space systems of other services), as well as regulatory issues of entering into service and staged deployment of space systems. The article formulates the problematic issues of radio frequency support of modern space systems taking into account the trends of satellite constellations deployment and proposes the solutions with consideration to international and national requirements in the regulation of radio frequency spectrum including the ITU requirements and the requirements of Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies. The paper shows the ways to share the radio frequency spectrum to meet new requirements of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19).

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