Classification of insulating liquids according to fire point and net calorific value

1993 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Insulating Liquids

scholarly journals Certain investigation on RC aircraft engine to identify the suitability of Methanol and Castor oil Alternative fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 850 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
S Yuvaraj ◽  
C J Thomas Renald ◽  
A P Senthil Kumar ◽  
K Sadesh ◽  
D Naveen Promoth
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Alternate Fuel ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In the current age drones are broadly utilized for different applications in pretty much every field. Because of the disturbing expense of the glow fuel utilized in the RC motors, utilization of the equivalent includes a ton of capital. Adding to it, the current fuel brings about intermittent combustion is in demand of alternate fuel. This paper manages the investigation of existing fuel synthesis and discovering the cost required to dispose of the high capital included, so that considerably more tests and study utilizing the RC Engines 2.5 cc can be completed easily. Methanol and Castor oil Combination is considered as an alternate fuel. The approach includes testing of the fuel to decipher the substance parts and their individual pieces through a progression of tests. Followed by the study of possible additives to enhance the performance of the engine without actually altering the timing intervals. The new creation of the fuel showed up is blended in with extraordinary hardware and the equivalent is tried for essential fuel properties viz., Density, Flash point, Fire point, Calorific value, and so forth The productivity arrangement is made utilizing a pulley instrument and the equivalent is tried for both the energizes. Performance of the R/C aircraft engine was tested with existing glow fuel and the new blend. Results are compared and concluded that the designed blend is a potent alternate fuel for R/C aircraft engines. *Future scope: It can be further tested for its SFC and emission standards. The outcome shows that the new fuel is exceptionally cost productive and the essential substance properties are profoundly improved.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Biofuel from Industrial Waste organic Pupae-Silkworm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1603-1607
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The current work carted out of analysis on the production of fuel from pupae fat extracted from silkworm, and exhaustive investigations were conducted to determine the characteristics of obtained fuel and its blends. The oily organic compounds derived from silkworm is effectively adopted to produce biofuel. The soxhlet extractor is utilized here to separate the oil content from pupae and obtained oil processed into biofuel by undertaking the transesterification process using NaOH as a fast reactive agent along with methanol. The rate of biofuel derived from pupae oil has been noticed to be 65- 70 by vol%. The extracted fuels from the transesterification process were mixed with high-speed diesel at a rate of B10, B20, B30 and B40 on volume base. The most important physical and chemical characteristics of generated fuel and their mixture with conventional diesel were examined. The investigation results reveal that the fuel sample B20 satisfies all the requirements of ASTM standards. Pure biofuel shows that the lesser heating value, higher KV, flash point, fire point and density than that of conventional diesel. The blended samples reveal that all the properties are keep moving towards higher value with an increasing percentage of biofuel presence except calorific value. Finally results in evidence that, well suitable biofuel can be generated from organic waste material like silkworm and effectively use it in practical applications.

Toward Automatic Detection of Gastric Lesion for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with Neural Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Wang ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Siyang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Precision Rate

In this paper, we compared the performance of several neural networks in the classification of early gastric cancer (EGC) images and proposed a method of converting the output value of the network into a calorific value to locate the lesion. The algorithm was improved using transfer learning and fine-tuning principles. The test set accuracy rate reached 0.72, sensitivity reached 0.67, specificity reached 0.77, and precision rate reached 0.78. The experimental results show the potential to meet clinical demands for automatic detection of gastric lesion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Transesterification Process And Physio-Chemical Properties of Jojoba Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2553-2557
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Bio Oil

In this investigation, Jojoba bio-oil was converted to biodiesel through a process of transesterification. In the present work methanol is used as an alcohol and potassium hydroxide is used as a catalyst. Single stage transesterification process was employed as the content of free fatty acids was 1.2%. Physiochemical properties of the biodiesel like density, specific gravity, calorific value, flash and fire point, ash content, kinematic viscosity and acid value were found out using different methods and these properties are compared with those of petroleum diesel

LOCATION OF THE LIGNITE FROM THE DĘBY SZLACHECKIE DEPOSIT IN THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Sandra PAWELEC ◽  
Barbara BIELOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Technological Quality

The Dęby Szlacheckie lignite deposit is one of the prospective deposits of Poland. It is located between the Pomeranian Trough and Łódź Basin. The abovementioned deposit is classified to the C1 category of exploration, while its balance resources amount to 103,171 thousand Mg. Productive series is composed of one lignite seam with a thickness ranging from 2.9 to 14.0 metres. It is the 1st Mid-Polish lignite seam of Middle Miocene age. The aim of the present paper is to characterize the basic technological parameters of lignite and classify them according to the current standards. Lignite from the Dęby Szlacheckie deposit is of good technological quality. It is characterized by the average moisture content of 54.0% by weight, average ash content on a dry basis amounting to 24.3% by weight, average sulphur content (dry basis) of 1.04%, and the net calorific value amounting to 7,612 kJ/kg. Both lignite from the Dęby Szlacheckie deposit and the other currently exploited deposits of the KWB Konin lignite have similar quality parameters, which offers the possibility of continued operation of the Konin and Pątnów combined heat and power plants. According to the International Classification of In-Seam Coals, the tested coal can be classified as humic low-rank C (ortho-lignite). On the basis of the Low Rank Coal Utilization – International Codification System, the international code – based on average values – of the examined coal is: humic low-rank C (Ortho-lignite) 08 71 24 10. According to the PN-ISO 11760:2007 Classification of Coals, the tested coal is classified as moderately high-vitrain, moderately high-ash lignite/low rank C.

Influence of Ethanol and Di-Ethyl Ether Addition on Fuel Properties of Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
P. Maran ◽  
K. Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Ever increasing cost of petroleum products demands more research in the area of new and alternate energy including solar, wind, biofuel and hybrid energy systems. Vegetable oil methyl ester is one of the promising alternate fuels that can be used as a substitute for diesel in the countries that are cultivating more agricultural products. In the present work, the analysis of physical properties such as calorific value, viscosity, flash and fire point temperatures of Sunflower oil methyl Ester have been made. The sunflower methyl ester has been prepared by transesterification process from pure sunflower oil in the presence of methanol and NaOH. Further, property enhancement of sunflower oil methyl ester has also been made by adding different additives such as ethanol and Di-Ethyl Ether in various proportions. Sunflower oil Methyl Ester (SME) with 1%, 3%, 5% ethanol or Di-Ethyl Ether and mixture of (Ethanol and DI-Ethyl Ether) has been analysed for the fuel properties. The investigation shows that the flash and fire point temperatures and viscosity of sunflower methyl ester decrease with increasing the additives. The calorific value of 20 percent biodiesel blend (B20) of SME with 5% Ethanol additive is very close to that of diesel.

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