Schedule for environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment

Abstract A procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of oil-dispersing chemicals has been developed. Using the apparatus originally designed for the Navy specification for solvent-emulsifiers, test conditions were adapted to correspond more closely to typical environmental conditions. Test conditions having the greatest effect on dispersant performance included: type of oil, composition of salt water solution, degree of agitation of chemical/oil mixture, and the degree of contact between chemical and oil prior to agitation. Results from this modified procedure, the Simulated Environmental Tank (SET) Test, correspond well with results from simple field tests. Field tests have limited precision and reproducibility. This lack of a reliable index of field performance with which to compare laboratory results hinders refinement of standard test procedures. The SET Test, which produces results corresponding favorably with field performance, to the extent field performance can be determined, and which simulates typical environmental conditions, is proposed as a meaningful interim solution to this problem of dispersant evaluation.

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Physicochemical Assessment of the Biodegradability of Agricultural Nonwovens Made of PLA

Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.2398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1(145)) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Patrycja Miros-Kudra ◽

Karolina Gzyra-Jagieła ◽

Michał Kudra

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Gel Chromatography ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Biodegradation Process ◽

Petroleum Derivatives ◽

Loss Determination

Compostable biodegradable plastics are an ecological alternative to traditional products based on petroleum derivatives, whose post-use waste may pollute the natural environment. Modern polymer materials show the functional properties of plastics obtained by conventional methods, but they also may be degraded as a result of biochemical transformations in composting. This allows such materials to be included in the scheme of the currently implemented circular economy, which does not generate post-consumer waste. This paper presents methods for the assessment of the biodegradation process of selected agricultural nonwovens produced from commercial PLA 6252D polylactide, supplied by Nature Works® LLC, USA. The agricultural nonwovens tested, obtained by the spun-bond technique, were characterised by different degrees of crystallinity in the range from 11.1% to 31.4%. Biodegradation tests were carried out as simulated aerobic composting while maintaining constant environmental conditions in accordance with test procedures based on PN-EN/ISO standards using the method of sample mass loss determination. Gel chromatography (GPC/SEC) and FTIR spectroscopy were also applied to assess the degree of biodegradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the crystallinity of nonwoven made of PLA 6252 D on its degradation in a compost environment.

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Experimental Procedures Used in the Development of Oil Retention Boom Designs

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1972.9.3.317 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 317-332

Author(s):

E. R. Miller ◽

W. T. Lindenmuth ◽

W. E. Lehr ◽

R. N. Abrahams

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Weber Number ◽

Full Scale ◽

Design Criteria ◽

Mooring System ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Towing Tank ◽

Oil Retention ◽

Scaling Parameters ◽

Scale Data

The experimental procedures used in the development of oil retention boom design criteria are presented in detail. Emphasis is placed on the procedures used to determine the oil containment ability and structural loads on the boom as a function of environmental conditions. The critical scaling parameters for oil containment tests are presented and the test procedures which have been developed are described. It is concluded that it is critical to scale both Froude and Weber number. Tests to determine structural loads can be conducted using standard ship towing tank procedures. However, it is necessary to scale the elastic properties of the boom and its mooring system. There are uncertainties with respect to some parameters which cannot be properly scaled in oil containment tests. Thus, carefully conducted full-scale trial results are required. Available procedures and current plans to obtain full-scale data are presented.

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An Innovative Secondary Bonding of Sensors to Composite Structures for SHM Application

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.516 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 774 ◽

pp. 516-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nan Yue ◽

Zahra Sharif Khodaei ◽

Ferri M.H. Aliabadi

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Secondary Bonding

A novel procedure for installation of PZT sensors on composites is developed. The procedure is shown, through extensive tests, to be reliable, repeatable and repairable. The integrity of the bonded sensors are assessed following the RTCA DO-160 Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment. The developed bonding film has been tested on both thermoset and thermoplastic coupons and compared co-cured and secondary bonded sensors with epoxy.

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