Method for determination of breaking strength of yarn from packages: skein method

1983 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength

A suspension weighing technique for the rapid determination of specific gravity of eggs

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAE Pym
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Impact Device ◽  
The Impact

A suspension weighing technique, developed for the rapid determination of the specific gravity of eggs, is described and compared with one using salt solutions of known density. A simple impact device was used to determine shell strength for correlation with the results of specific gravity determinations. Eggs were obtained from three strains of domestic fowl : White Leghorn, .Australorp, and Synthetic (a closed population in its eighth generation originally based on White Leghorn-Australorp crosses). The numbers of eggs examined in one hour by suspension weighing, salt solutions, and the impact device were 400, 200, and 100 respectively. Repeatabilities of specific gravity based on three eggs per hen were slightly higher for suspension weighing than for salt solutions. Correlations between specific gravity and breaking strength ranged from +0.72 to +0.78 for the three strains. Correlations between egg weight and specific gravity and between egg weight and breaking strength were effectively zero. It is concluded that for routine work, measurement of specific gravity by suspension weighing is a reliable and rapid method of estimating shell strength.

Spectral Energy Dissipation due to Surface Wave Breaking

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Romero ◽  
W. Kendall Melville ◽  
Jessica M. Kleiss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Spectral Dependence ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A semiempirical determination of the spectral dependence of the energy dissipation due to surface wave breaking is presented and then used to propose a model for the spectral dependence of the breaking strength parameter b, defined in the O. M. Phillips’s statistical formulation of wave breaking dynamics. The determination of the spectral dissipation is based on closing the radiative transport equation for fetch-limited waves, measured in the Gulf of Tehuantepec Experiment, by using the measured evolution of the directional spectra with fetch, computations of the four-wave resonant interactions, and three models of the wind input source function. The spectral dependence of the breaking strength is determined from the Kleiss and Melville measurements of the breaking statistics and the semiempirical spectral energy dissipation, resulting in b = b(k, cp/u*), where k is the wavenumber and the parametric dependence is on the wave age, cp/u*. Guided by these semiempirical results, a model for b(k, cp/u*) is proposed that uses laboratory data from a variety of sources, which can be represented by b = a(S − S0)n, where S is a measure of the wave slope at breaking, a is a constant, S0 is a threshold slope for breaking, and 2.5 < n < 3 is a power law consistent with inertial wave dissipation scaling and laboratory measurements. The relationship between b(S) in the laboratory and b(k) in the field is based on the relationship between the saturation and mean square slope of the wave field. The results are discussed in the context of wind wave modeling and improved measurements of breaking in the field.

scholarly journals Influence of accompanying substances of hemp fibres on their electric resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Pejic ◽  
Koviljka Asanovic ◽  
Mirjana Kostic ◽  
Petar Skundric ◽  
Tatjana Mihajlidi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Natural Cellulose ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
Modification Treatment

Hemp fibres belong to the group of natural, cellulose bast fibres. These fibres have exceptional properties such as: antimicrobial effect, absence of allergy effect, extraordinary sorption properties, good electro-physical properties (small static electricity in regard to other cellulose fibres) as well as high values of breaking strength (the natural fibre with the highest strength). However, hemp fibres have some defects: heterogeneous chemical composition, large quantity of accompanying substances (lignin pectins, waxes) and unsatisfactory fineness and eveness. It is possible to a great extent to eliminate or reduce, the defects of hemp fibres by of appropriate modification treatments. In order to determine the appropriate modification treatment of hemp fibres, the dependences between the chemical composition, fineness and electric resistance of hemp fibres were presented in this paper. In the experimental part of the paper, by the application of a procedure for the determination of the chemical composition, the accompanying supstances of hemp fibres were gradually removed. After each phase some fibrous substrates were separated. After that the fineness and electric resistance were determined. This experiment was conducted in order to define the influence of each component of hemp fibres on the fineness and electric resistance. In this paper, hemp fibres were modified by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, under different conditions of modification. The influence of modification conditions on the fineness and electric resistance were studied.

PRECISION OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF BREAKING STRENGTH OF TEXTILES

1947 ◽  
Vol 25f (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins ◽  
Muriel W. Weatherburn
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Additional Variance

Warp breaking strength was measured in five test strips from each of a series of duplicate pieces of cotton duck in rotproofing experiments. Breaks occurring at the jaws of the machine, which amounted to some 16% of the total, gave results about 3.5% lower and 20% more variable than non-jaw breaks. Discrepancies in non-jaw breaks of similarly treated fabric arose partly from variance in test strips from the same piece and partly from additional variance between duplicate pieces. Weathering tended to reduce intra-piece, and soil burial to increase both intra- and inter-piece variability. The tests as conducted were capable of discriminating differences of the order of 15 to 20%. Greater gains in precision would have resulted from increasing the number of replicate pieces than from increasing the number of strips tested per piece in the same ratio. However, determination of the most economical test procedure for specified precision in each type of material also required consideration of the cost factor, which was nearly three times as great per piece as per strip.

scholarly journals Textile wing fabric for emergency response UAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
ADRIAN SĂLIȘTEAN ◽  
CARMEN MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
International Testing

The fabrics used to manufacture parachutes and paragliders must have several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical-mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must have high values. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.

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