Methods of test for anhydrous ammonia

1969 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Ammonia

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR HIGH-MOISTURE ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. C. HESLOP ◽  
K. LIEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Two experiments were conducted in sequence to determine the effectiveness of anhydrous ammonia (AA) as a preservative of alfalfa hay stored as large round bales (LRB). In the the first experiment application of 3% AA (wt/wt) to alfalfa hay baled at about 23% moisture-content (MC) increased the temperature markedly above the control treatment and resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher acid-detergent-insoluble nitrogen and acid-detergent lignin. In the second experiment application of about 1% AA slowly (over 48 h) to LRB of alfalfa hay packaged at about 30% and > 35% MC, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the cumulative degree-days above all reference points from 35 to 65 °C. Ammoniation completely eliminated dry matter losses in storage which were highest (8.3%) for 33% MC control hay. High moisture control hay (33% MC) suffered severe heat damage with 33% of total N being in the acid-detergent-insoluble fraction as compared to less than 10% for medium-moisture (26% MC) control and even lower values for ammoniated hay. Digestibility of crude protein and energy was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by ammoniation of medium-moisture (about 30% in-to-storage) alfalfa hay. When the ammonia-treated hay was uncovered in spring, coarsely ground and stored in a hay wagon the high-moisture-ammoniated hay (> 35% MC) became moldy within 4 wk, even when the ambient temperature was about 6 °C, whereas medium-moisture-ammoniated hay (about 30% MC) showed some deterioration after 7 wk as the ambient temperature increased to about 12 °C. Key words: Ammonia, alfalfa hay, digestibility, heat damage, high-moisture hay, large bales

Anhydrous Ammonia Burns

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Latenser ◽  
Tananchi A. Lucktong
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Ammonia

Nitrogen form, time and rate of application, and nitrification inhibitor effects on crop production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
K. Hanson ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Better Than

Karamanos, R., Hanson, K. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Nitrogen form, time and rate of application, and nitrification inhibitor effects on crop production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 425–432. Nitrogen management options for anhydrous ammonia (NH3) and urea were compared in a barley–wheat–canola–wheat cropping sequence (2007–2010) at Watrous and Lake Lenore, SK. The treatment design included a factorial arrangement of N fertilizer form (NH3versus urea), nitrification inhibitor application, time of N application (mid-September, mid- to late October, and spring) and four N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha−1). Anhydrous ammonia applications at 40 kg N ha−1in 2008 (fall) and in 2010 (all times of application) resulted in wheat yield reductions relative to the same applications for urea. For wheat years, yield was reduced for both fall versus spring N fertilizer applications, when no nitrification inhibitor was applied and the inclusion of nitrification inhibitor maintained wheat yield at similar levels across all times of N fertilizer applications, regardless of form. Protein concentration was approximately 2 g kg−1greater with urea compared with NH3at both sites in 2008 and only at Watrous in 2010. Also, early versus late fall N fertilizer applications consistently increased N concentration of grain only for the 40 and/or 80 kg N ha−1rates. Effects of nitrification inhibitor on N concentration were not frequent and appeared to be minimal. Urea had greater agronomic efficiency (AE) than NH3at the lower N fertilizer rates. The nitrification inhibitor had a positive effect on wheat AE only for early fall N fertilizer applications. It can be concluded that for maximum yields NH3or urea will be suitable if applied at rates of 80 kg N ha−1and greater. If N fertilizer is applied at 40 kg N ha−1, especially in fall without inhibitor, urea is better. In terms of protein concentration for wheat, urea seemed to better than NH3and fall was better than spring application.

RETENTION OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA BY SOIL

Soil Science ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. PARR ◽  
R. I. PAPENDICK
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Ammonia

The Transportation of Refrigerated Anhydrous Ammonia on the Inland Waterways

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
William A. Creelman
Keyword(s):  
New Technique ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
The Past

The carriage of refrigerated anhydrous ammonia by barge is a relatively new technique and has grown rapidly in the past several years. As the movement has grown many problems have been identified and solved, but others remain to be worked out. This paper attempts to trace the development of ammonia barging, presents an operating profile of a typical ammonia movement and identifies remaining problems. Discusser A. H. Schwendtner

Anhydrous Ammonia Injection into Baled Forage

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rotz ◽  
D. J. Sprott ◽  
R. J. Davis ◽  
J. W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Injection

Laboratory Apparatus to Apply and Sample Anhydrous Ammonia in Bands

1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
D. E. Kissel ◽  
C. W. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia
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