Specification for seat belt assemblies for motor vehicles

1960 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Motor Vehicles

Population-Level Incidence and Use-Related Factors of Comfort and Orthopedic Accessories Among Older Vehicle Occupants in NSW, Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095012
Author(s):  
Raman Sran ◽  
Lisa Keay ◽  
Kristy Coxon ◽  
James McAuley ◽  
Tom Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

The proportion of people aged 65 years and older regularly traveling in motor vehicles continues to grow worldwide. In a previous convenience sample, we observed many older people using comfort accessories when traveling in vehicles, and these may contribute to the known increased risk of injury in crashes among older people. In this study, we aimed to estimate population-level use of these devices and examine associations between demographic, health, and travel behavior factors and their use. The point estimate of self-reported use of comfort accessories was 25.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [19.6%, 31.9%]). Cushions on the vehicle seat were the most common type used (14.3%, 95% CI = [9.7%, 19.0%]), and increasing age, female gender, and frequent vehicle travel were significantly associated with their use. Less frequently used were seat belt padding (10.5%, 95% CI = [6.3%, 14.6%]) and back/neck supports (6.5%, 95% CI = [2.7%, 10.2%]). Back/neck and multiple area pain were significantly associated with the use of the latter.

scholarly journals Vaccination, Risks, and Freedom: The Seat Belt Analogy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Giubilini ◽  
Julian Savulescu
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Small Risk ◽  
Vaccine Mandates ◽  
Seat Belt Use

Abstract We argue that, from the point of view public health ethics, vaccination is significantly analogous to seat belt use in motor vehicles and that coercive vaccination policies are ethically justified for the same reasons why coercive seat belt laws are ethically justified. We start by taking seriously the small risk of vaccines’ side effects and the fact that such risks might need to be coercively imposed on individuals. If millions of individuals are vaccinated, even a very small risk of serious side effects implies that, statistically, at some point side effects will occur. Imposing such risks raises issues about individual freedom to decide what risks to take on oneself or on one’s children and about attribution of responsibility in case of adverse side effects. Seat belt requirements raise many of the same ethical issues as vaccination requirements, and seat belt laws initially encountered some opposition from the public that is very similar to some of the current opposition to vaccine mandates. The analogy suggests that the risks of vaccines do not constitute strong enough reasons against coercive vaccination policies and that the same reasons that justify compulsory seat belt use—a measure now widely accepted and endorsed—also justify coercive vaccination policies.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Studies Using Exemplar Vehicles And Surrogates In Vehicle Impact Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Occupant Kinematics ◽  
Body Stature

As Part Of Their Event Reconstruction, Accident Reconstructionists Often Inspect Exemplar Motor Vehicles. xemplarmeans A Vehicle Of The Same Model, Production Series, Etc. In Terms Of The Vehicle Of Interest. In The Analysis Of The Injury Aspects Of Vehicular Collisions, Biomechanics Experts Can Also Benefit From Exemplar Studies, Especially When A Surrogate (Individual Of The Same Gender, Age Group, Body Stature, Etc.) Is Incorporated Into The Study. This Is Often An Important Activity Since Available Physical Evidence Is Often Limited. For Example, Photo Documentation May Focus Almost Exclusively On The Outside Of The Subject Vehicle, Whereas The Injury Event(S) Often Occur Within The Vehicle. Also, Providers Of Vehicle Specifications Typically Provide Limited (If Any) Vehicle Interior Information. Finally, Depositional Information May Be Very Limited, Providing Few Details On Events And Conditions That May Have Contributed (Or Not) To Claimed Injuries. Thus, Exemplar/Surrogate Studies Can Provide A Wealth Of Information In The Analysis Of What Injuries May (Or May Not) Have Occurred Knowing The Physics Of The Accident Reconstruction And The Resulting Occupant Kinematics, Geometric Considerations, Claimant Characteristics, And The Associated Injury Mechanisms. A Series Of Situations Will Be Presented As Examples Of How Exemplar/Surrogate Studies Can Be Useful In Injury Analysis, Including Seat Belt Issues, Rear-End Collisions, And Pedestrian/Vehicle Incidents. General Protocol Considerations Will Also Be Presented.

scholarly journals Evaluating Seat Belt Use in Lebanon (1997-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Ziad Akl ◽  
Mona Akl ◽  
Charli Eriksson ◽  
Mervyn Gifford ◽  
Dalal Koustuv
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Nonfatal Injuries ◽  
Very High

Introduction:The use of seat belts has made a significant contribution to the reduction of road traffic casualties, and the risk inherent with not wearing seat belts in all seats of a vehicle is now well-known worldwide. The use of seat belts has a major role in reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in all types of motor-vehicles crashes.Aim:The aim of this study is to understand the reasons behind the variation in seat belt use over the past two decades in Lebanon. It analyzes the situation and suggests recommendations to improve seat belt use in Lebanon.Design:Nine observational studies had been conducted in Lebanon during the last two decades between 1997 and 2017, and one qualitative study was performed in 2017.Results:The results show a significant variation in the use of the seat belt. When enforcement efforts are in progress, seat belt use increases. While when there are no checkpoints and the enforcement of seat belt use is almost absent, a significant fall was noticed.Discussion:The results of this study proved the failure of the Lebanese government in saving hundreds of lives just by a simple measure of enforcing seat belt law. Although experiences from various countries prove that such laws usually have a long-lasting effect on seat belt use, Lebanon failed to pursue the successful implementation of this law due to security and political problems.Conclusion:During the past two decades, Lebanon witnessed continuous fluctuations in seat belt use. Outside few short enforcement campaigns, our observations showed lack in seat belt use. Our observations of seat belt use among drivers and front seat passengers showed a significant correlation between seat belt use and the enforcement of seat belt law.The greatest national benefits from seat belt use are obtained when wearing rates are very high. This can be achieved only through a sustained enforcement campaign alongside other seat belt wearing interventions such as publicity and education.

Compliance with Seat Belt Use in Benin City, Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius Ehiawaguan Iribhogbe ◽  
Clement Odigie Osime
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Seat Belt Use

AbstractIntroduction:Trauma is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A quarter of all fatalities due to injury occur due to road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low- and medium-income countries. Poor compliance with the use of seat belts is a problem in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of seatbelt compliance in motor vehicles in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods:A five-day, observational study was conducted in strategic locations in Benin City. The compliance rates of drivers, front seat passengers, and rear seat passengers in the various categories of vehicles were evaluated, and the data were subjected to statistical processing using the Program for Epidemiology.Results:A total of 369 vehicles were observed. This consisted of 172 private cars, 64 taxis, 114 buses, 15 trucks, and four other vehicles. The seat belt compliance rate for drivers was 52.3%, front seat passengers 18.4%, and rear seat passengers 6.1%. Drivers of all categories of vehicles were more likely to use the seat belt compared to front seat passengers (p = 0.000) and rear seat passengers (p = 0.000). Drivers of private cars were more likely to use seat belts compared to taxi drivers (p = 0.000) and bus drivers (p = 0.000). Front seat passengers in private cars were more likely to use the seat belt compared to front seat passengers in taxis (p = 0.000) and buses (p = 0.000). Rear seat pas-sengers in private cars also were more likely to use seat belts compared to rear seat passengers in taxis (p = 0.000) and buses (p = 0.000).Conclusions:Compliance with seat belt use in Benin City is low. Legislation, educational campaigns, and enforcement of seat belt use are needed.

Predicting Buckled and Unbuckled Trips of Occasional Seat Belt Users in SHRP2 Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1620-1623
Author(s):  
Joonbum Lee ◽  
Vindhya Venkatraman ◽  
Christian M. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Trip Distance ◽  
Random Decision Forest ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Use Behavior

Seat belts are the most effective injury prevention tool available in motor vehicles. However, researchers have a limited understanding of the factors underlying occasional seat belt use. Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study data provide researchers a way to develop a detailed understanding of occasional belt use behavior. The present study examined two predictors (trip distance and average trip speed) of buckled and unbuckled trips from occasional seat belt users using the SHRP2 data. The present study utilized both descriptive analysis (to confirm previous finding) and predictive analysis (to assess predictive power of the models) using trip distance and average trip speed. The results from a logistic regression model showed that unbuckled trips were associated with short trips and lower speed trips compared to buckled trips. Two Random Decision Forest models were applied to predict buckled/unbuckled trips of the occasional seat belt users, and the results showed that model performance was within a fair performance range. The models differentiated between buckled and unbuckled trips at an accuracy of 61-64%. Results suggest that the occasional seat belt users may decide their seat belt use prior to trips based on the distance/duration and average. The preliminary findings of the study shed light on strategies that can be used when designing countermeasures to promote seat belt use.

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