Specification for electrical connections between towing vehicles and trailers with 6 V or 12 V electrical equipment: type 12 N (normal)

1980 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Equipment Type ◽  
Electrical Connections

Fire risks due to unintentionally energized metal structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Michael C Stern ◽  
Sean C O’Hern ◽  
Timothy L Morse ◽  
Justin Bishop ◽  
Harri Kytömaa
Keyword(s):  
Molten Metal ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Combustible Materials

Improperly grounded electrical equipment can lead to a fire within a home. If electrical equipment in a home is not properly grounded, then an electric fault may cause metal structures (such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ducts, metal framing, or screws, nails, and bolts) to become energized without triggering an overcurrent protection device. Electrical connections between these energized materials and grounded objects create an unintended path to ground and can lead to prolonged self-heating that can cause ignition in combustible materials such as wood framing, cellulosic insulation, and other lightweight combustibles. Alternatively, molten metal that is capable of igniting lightweight combustibles can be ejected if the energized surface contacts a well-grounded objected. This article presents results from experiments performed to investigate conditions that cause fires as a result of stray energization of electrically conductive construction items. Resistances, types of nearby combustibles, and other factors were evaluated.

scholarly journals Practical Aspects of Modernization of Electrical Equipment of the Substation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
N S Bodrug ◽  
O V Skripko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Domestic Energy ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Short Circuit Currents ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Currently, one of the important problems for domestic energy is the replacement of an outdated fleet of equipment at substations of electric power systems (EPS). The paper addressed the issue of upgrading the "Ice" substation in part of the selection of switches, checking the reliability of switches and the reliability of the substation in general. The substation characteristic is given, the changes in the main scheme of the substation electrical connections are substantiated, switches for all substation voltages are selected according to the current short circuit currents. To assess the degree of reliability of the selected switches, the substation is determined by their probability of refusal. Based on the assessment of the likelihood of failures and other equipment for the substation, the estimated time of trouble-free operation was determined, the average time of trouble-free operation and the average substation recovery time.

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