Recommendations for maximum surface temperatures of heated domestic equipment

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures

scholarly journals Recent Trends of Minimum and Maximum Surface Temperatures over Eastern Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2876-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. King’uyu ◽  
L. A. Ogallo ◽  
E. K. Anyamba
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Recent Trends

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES IN SPARK GENERATED BUBBLES OSCILLATING IN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Vokurka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Contraction Phase ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Plasma Core

The surface temperatures of the plasma core in the final stages of the first contraction phase of spark-generated bubbles oscillating under ordinary laboratory conditions in a large expanse of water are determined experimentally. The measurement method is based on an analysis of the optical radiation from the bubbles and on the assumption that the plasma core is radiating as a black-body. It is found that the maximum surface temperatures of the plasma core range 4300–8700 K.

The impact of soil moisture–atmosphere coupling on daily maximum surface temperatures in Southeastern South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2543-2556
Author(s):  
Tanea Coronato ◽  
Andrea F. Carril ◽  
Pablo G. Zaninelli ◽  
Julián Giles ◽  
Romina Ruscica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
South America ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Regional Decadal Climate Predictions Using an Ensemble of WRF Parameterizations Driven by the MIROC5 GCM

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Strobach ◽  
Golan Bel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures

AbstractRegional climate models (RCMs) are expected to provide better representations of the climate dynamics because of their higher spatial resolutions. Here, we generated an ensemble of decadal (2006–36) RCM predictions for the area of Israel, which spans a considerable climatic gradient and comprises complex terrain. We used the WRF Model forced by the MIROC5 global climate model (GCM). The ensemble was generated by choosing different combinations of radiation, microphysics, surface layer, and planetary boundary layer parameterizations. The simulation results were compared with meteorological station data for the first simulated decade. For the minimum surface temperature, all the RCM configurations performed better than the driving GCM, while for the maximum surface temperature, only three out of eight configurations improved the predictions. The RCM configurations had higher errors in predicting the precipitation, but four configurations had comparable errors to the GCM. For the next two decades, the ensemble average predicts an increase of 0.51° and 0.40°C decade−1 for the average daily minimum and maximum surface temperatures, respectively. No significant change is predicted in the precipitation. We found that all the parameterizations affect the predictions of the surface temperatures and precipitation [e.g., the CAM radiation scheme simulates colder temperatures than the RRTM for GCMs (RRTMG)] but the PBL and surface layer scheme has the largest effect on the errors. Spectral nudging was found to have a considerable effect on the deviations of the precipitation predicted by the WRF configurations from the predictions of the GCM and a much smaller effect on the surface temperature predictions.

Design of Air-Cooled Heat Sink for a 55-kW Power Inverter With Laminar Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao V. Arimilli ◽  
Ali Hossein Nejad ◽  
Kivanc Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Surface Temperatures

A methodology is developed for the design of an air-cooled 55-kW-rated inverter heat sink. The design constraints are that the power density (PD) must meet or exceed the values associated with liquid-cooled systems of the same power rating, and that the maximum surface temperatures be less than 200 °C. To keep the pressure drop low relative to turbulent flow designs, a laminar flow regime is chosen. A preliminary design that satisfies the PD constraint exactly, and the thermal requirements approximately, is determined. To ensure that the thermal requirements are met by the design configuration, a thermal-fluid analysis based on a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model is conducted. Overall, energy balance errors (OEBEs) as high as 15% were encountered in the numerical models. These errors are reduced by taking advantage of the symmetry between fins using a typical unit cell model. A new simplified approach for the simulations was identified which involved modeling fins as highly conductive layers instead of solid domains. This further reduced the OEBEs to less than 0.004%. The design factors considered in this study include effective cooling surface area, fin thickness, fin spacing, and fin height. The results show that the maximum surface temperatures can be kept below 200 °C for safe operation of SiC devices in the inverter module while increasing the PD.

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