scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adult cardiology – expert opinion of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the Polish Cardiac Society

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Smarż ◽  
Tomasz Jaxa-Chamiec ◽  
Tomasz Chwyczko ◽  
Renata Główczyńska ◽  
Anna Jegier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Society

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-436
Author(s):  
Andrew Kao
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Expired Gas Analysis ◽  
Expired Gas

The chapter Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing focuses on the opportunities provided by cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing. The coordination of 5 organ systems is described in normal exercise physiology to understand abnormal exercise findings. From a few measured expired gas analysis parameters, most of the important exercise variables can be derived, including the peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2). The contribution of both the aerobic and anaerobic phases of exercise to total exercise capacity are described, including the methods for determination of the anaerobic threshold. The calculation of the normative values of peak VO2 are included, and a suggested template of a CPX report is included. The use of CPX testing in the determination of prognosis in heart failure patients is included.

scholarly journals Summary Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction Recommendations for Performance and Interpretation

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Corrà ◽  
Massimo F. Piepoli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a non-invasive tool that provides the physician with relevant information to assess the integrated response to exercise involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematopoietic, neuro-psychological, and skeletal muscle systems. Measurement of expiratory gases during exercise allows the best estimate of functional capacity, grade the severity of the impairment, objectively evaluate the response to interventions, objectively track the progression of disease, and assist in differentiating cardiac from pulmonary limitations in exercise tolerance. To achieve optimal use of this test in every day clinical practice, clarification of conceptual issues and standardization of CPET practices are necessary. Recently, a Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction, by the Gruppo Italiano di Cardiologia Riabilitativa and endorsed by the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology, has been published. Here are resumed the cardinal points of the Statement: (1) Definition of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters for Appropriate Use in Chronic Heart Failure, (2) How to Perform Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure, (3) Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure and Future Applications.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Exercise Capacity Improvement after Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction Assessed with Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4083
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Smarz ◽  
Tomasz Jaxa-Chamiec ◽  
Beata Zaborska ◽  
Maciej Tysarowski ◽  
Andrzej Budaj
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Peak Vo2

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is indicated in all patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to improve prognosis and exercise capacity (EC). Previous studies reported that up to a third of patients did not improve their EC after CR (non-responders). Our aim was to assess the cardiac and peripheral mechanisms of EC improvement after CR using combined exercise echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET-SE). The responders included patients with an improved EC assessed as a rise in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) ≥ 1 mL/kg/min. Peripheral oxygen extraction was calculated as arteriovenous oxygen difference (A-VO2Diff). Out of 41 patients (67% male, mean age 57.5 ± 10 years) after AMI with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40%, 73% improved their EC. In responders, peak VO2 improved by 27% from 17.9 ± 5.2 mL/kg/min to 22.7 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001, while non-responders had a non-significant 5% decrease in peak VO2. In the responder group, the peak exercise heart rate, early diastolic myocardial velocity at peak exercise, LVEF at rest and at peak exercise, and A-VO2Diff at peak exercise increased, the minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope decreased, but the stroke volume and cardiac index were unchanged after CR. Non-responders had no changes in assessed parameters. EC improvement after CR of patients with preserved LVEF after AMI is associated with an increased heart rate response and better peripheral oxygen extraction during exercise.

Approach to the Patient with Dyspnea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Badr Eslam ◽  
Aaron B Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Patient Complaints ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Dyspnea is a common, distressing symptom of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular disease. In a consensus statement, the American Thoracic Society defined dyspnea as “a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity.” Dyspnea is a nonspecific complaint and is one of the most frequent patient complaints. This review discusses the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, peripheral mechanisms, and evaluation of dyspnea. Figures depict cellular metabolism and exercise physiology, and an invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) flow diagram. Tables list the common causes of dyspnea, invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) diagnosis, and iCPET characteristics of pulmonary hypertension. This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 51 references.

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