ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION AND USE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Anton Viacheslavovich Alpatov ◽  
Andrei Nikolaevich Osipov ◽  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Stavtsev ◽  
Eduard Arkadevich Novoselov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Environmental Aspects

Resources provision of woodworking industries in Ukraine: cross-national and inter-regional comparisons

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Processing

Sufficient supply of woodworking with raw materials while preserving the ecology and rational use of wood is a necessary condition for the functioning of the woodworking industry as one of the key segments of the national economy. The issue is of particular importance given the deepening of world integration processes and the introduction of a moratorium on timber exports from Ukraine. It actualizes the study of the state and dynamics of the formation of raw materials potential of domestic woodworks. The purpose of the article is a structural and dynamic assessment of the economic and environmental aspects of formation of the resource potential of Ukrainian woodworks in comparison with the countries of the European Union, as well as in the regional section by types of wood. In the structure of merchantable wood harvested in Ukraine, fuel wood share increased by 4.3 pp. during 2011-2016, whereas in 2017 it increased by 3.8 pp. compared to 2016 and amounted to 61.4%. Unlike in Ukraine, in the vast majority of EU countries business timber is the basis of the structure of harvested merchantable timber. Thus, in the neighboring countries with similar forest landscape – Poland and the Czech Republic – the share of fuel wood in 2017 was 11.6% and 12.3%, in Slovakia – only 6.3%, and in the EU as a whole – 23. 2%. Hence, the significant deterioration of the structure of the harvested merchantable timber in Ukraine can be interpreted as a threat to environmental, and therefore to national security. On the other hand, the results of the assessments revealed an increase in the volume of commercial timber harvesting in Ukraine (in 18 regions) in 2018, as well as in the level of forest reproduction in the leading regions from the harvesting of merchantable timber (Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne regions) and a decrease in the death rate. The restoration of the logical patterns between the dynamics of the loss of stands and the harvesting of commercial and fuel wood are signs of the beginning of positive tendencies in ensuring the preservation and rationalization of raw potential of domestic woodworks and, at the same time, improving the conditions for deepening the level of wood processing. Further authors’ research in this area will be devoted to the search for effective forms of wood industry development in Ukraine, in particular in the Western region.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR ORGANIC FARMING BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE AND RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
О.А. Оленин ◽  
С.Н. Зудилин
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Biological Products

Развитие органического земледелия, в первую очередь, зависит от наличия органических удобрений и биопрепаратов. Цель исследований – на основе утилизации органических отходов и сырья разработать полифункциональные биопрепараты из компонентов животного и растительного происхождения и изучить их влияние на показатели агрофитоценозов и урожайность полевых и садовых культур. В работе использованы результаты исследований по разработке полифункциональных биопрепаратов, а также их эффективности на опытном поле Самарского ГАУ в 2017-2019 гг. В результате была разработана ассортиментная линейка биопрепаратов «АгроТоник» с функциями удобрения и биостимулятора роста: «Цветовод», «Садовод», «Овощевод», «Полевод», «Лесовод» и «Универсальный». «АгроТоник», в отличие от многих органических и минеральных удобрений, содержит все необходимые для растений компоненты: макро-, мезо- и микроэлементы в легкодоступной форме, микроорганизмы, стимуляторы роста – биоактивные фитогормоны, аминокислоты растительного происхождения, витамины, комплекс целлюлозолитических ферментов, почвенные антибиотики, гуминовые вещества, биоприлипатель. Многокомпонентный биопрепарат с функциями удобрения, фунгицида и бактерицида снижал пораженность растений озимой пшеницы на 16,7-27,1 %, по отношению к контролю, и на 17,4-22,6 %, по сравнению с минеральными удобрениями. Биопрепарат повышал урожайность озимой пшеницы на 7,7-25,4 % по сравнению с контролем, тогда как применение пестицида только на 5,3-11,5 %, при стоимости однократно внесенного гербицида в среднем 500,00 руб./га, а биопрепарата – 300,00 руб./га при двукратной обработке. The development of organic farming primarily depends on the availability of organic fertilizers and biological products. The goal of the research is to develop multifunctional biological products from components of animal and plant origin based on the utilization of organic waste and raw materials and to study their impact on the indicators of agrophytocenoses and the yield of field and horticultural crops. The work uses the results of research on the development of multifunctional biological products, as well as their effectiveness in the experimental field of the Samara State Agrarian University in 2017-2019. As a result, the line of "AgroTonik" biological products with the functions of fertilizer and the growth biostimulator was developed: «Tsvetovod», «Sadovod», «Ovoshchevod», «Polevod», «Lesovod» and «Universal'niy». "AgroTonik", unlike many organic and mineral fertilizers, contains all the components necessary for plants: macro -, meso- and microelements in an easily available form, microorganisms, growth stimulators – bioactive phytohormones, amino acids of plant origin, vitamins, a complex of cellulosolytic enzymes, soil antibiotics, humic substances, bio-sticking agent. The multicomponent biological product with the functions of fertilizer, fungicide and bactericide reduced the affection of winter wheat plants by 16.7-27.1 % concerning the control, and by 17.4-22.6 %, in comparison with mineral fertilizers. The biological product increased the yield of winter wheat by 7.7-25.4% compared to the control, while the use of a pesticide only by 5.3-11.5 %, with the cost of a single herbicide on average 500 rubles/ha, and a biological product – 300 rubles/ha with double treatment.

Implementation of Automated Lines for Sorting and Recycling Household Waste as an Important Goal of Environmental Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Ivan V. KRECHETOV ◽  
Arkadiy A. SKVORTSOV ◽  
Ivan A. POSELSKY ◽  
Sergey A. PALTSEV ◽  
Pavel S. LAVRIKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Recognition Of Objects ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Automated Lines

The principles of selection and creation of rational methods of disposal and recycling of wastes are based on the fact that the problem of waste is an interconnected environmental-economic and technological problem, and the waste itself should be considered as technogenic raw materials of complex organo-mineral composition. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to define methods for recycling waste and their environmental aspects. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis, spectroscopy were used. It is determined that the final treatment of waste, to date, means either their disposal in a landfill or incineration, which adversely affects the environment. Methods for identifying the material of the object, as well as algorithms for the selection and recognition of objects by processing data from the computer vision system are considered. High accuracy is shown in 94.12% identification of plastic polymers.

scholarly journals INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION IN LEAF MASS AND SEED MILK THISTLE COPPER IN CONDITIONS OF FIELD CULTIVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Serhiy Razanov ◽  
Alla Razanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Leaf Mass

Medicinal plants are sources of nutrients, may contain one, two or more active ingredients that can provide certain medicinal properties in a living organism. Such plants include milk thistle, which is gaining popularity. Today, the quality of medicinal raw materials is relevant, because milk thistle has a high intensity of accumulation of various toxicants. Recently, this plant has been grown in field crop rotations, the soils of which are contaminated with various toxicants, including heavy metals. Therefore, there is a need to study the intensity of heavy metal contamination of milk thistle, grown in agricultural crop rotations. Milk thistle has biologically active substances, macro- and microelements in the most accessible and digestible form and is one of the factors of the positive effect of its use in medicine, pharmacology, food industry, animal husbandry and crop production. Toxic substances have a negative impact on the quality of medicinal raw materials, can accumulate in plants due to man-made pressure on the environment. These toxicants, entering the human and animal body, can interact with proteins, nucleic acids, change the activity of enzymes, disrupt their biological and transport properties, which can ultimately lead to negative consequences. The influence of mineral fertilization of milk thistle on the intensity of copper accumulation in its leaf mass and seeds has been studied. It was found that when feeding milk thistle with mineral fertilizers, there is an increase in leaf mass and copper seeds. In particular, for the use of ammonium nitrate - 1.25 and 1.4 times; superphosphate simple - 1.14 and 1.2 times; potassium chloride - 1.16 and 1.2 times; mixtures of NPK fertilizers - 1.53 and 1.1 times. Key words: heavy metals, intensity, copper, mineral fertilizers, milk thistle, concentration, danger coefficient, accumulation coefficient.

scholarly journals Condition of peat soils on the territory of Precarpathian and Prednistrian Podilla

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Iryna Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Soils

The article outlines the views on the peaty soils as unique formation according to their genesis, expansion, and characteristics. We are managed to trace that the soils change their composition, properties, and economic value depending on their place of formation. The peaty soils are insufficiently studied in Ivano-Frankivsk region. Primarily, their geography, genesis, and modern agro-ecological state require the special attention. Nowadays, the peaty soils are used in agriculture as low-productive hayfields, pastures, and sometimes they are used for plough lands. A great number of drained peaty massifs are abandoned. They are being overgrown with shrubs and weeds, which are not peculiar to the natural vegetation of marsh ecosystems. The peaty soils somewhat differ from the mineral ones, so the article describes characteristic features of forming the peaty massifs and their properties. The main target of the study is an analysis of physical and chemical properties of the peaty soils, the reaction of soil solution, the organic content and total microelements of soils. On the ground of the analyses conducted with the studied soils, we have established that they belong to saturated and unsaturated peaty soils depending on their acid-base properties. Unsaturated soils are mostly expanded within the areas of great peaty massifs that are not used in agriculture for plough lands. It was noted, that the ash content value is very important for characteristics of the peaty soils. The peat mostly does not have a high ash content value due to the weak mineralization ground waters supplying the peat massifs. The peat soils are characterized by high quality of the organic content and nitrogen. However, only an insufficient part of the total nitrogen is available for plants in the forms of nitrate and ammonia compounds. It is noted, that in spite of the high nitrogen content, the peaty soils are characterised by the low content of phosphorus and the lower content of potassium. The author has generally characterised the using of peaty soils in agriculture, peat extraction industry, and partly in the recreational sphere. The studies have proved that the peaty soils, which are in agricultural use, should be applied for the high-productive meadowlands and pastures. The mentioned lands are very important for ecology as the extensive root system of the well-developed grass canopy contributes to reducing the loss of organic content within drained peatlands. About 700 hectares of massifs are used in the studied area for the extraction of peat raw materials, the most part of which is used for stocking of the organic-mineral fertilizers and soil substrates. In the recent years, there has been increasing the demand for production of peat briquettes and lump peat for communal and household consumption. In addition, the peat is widely used in medicine, chemical industry, and cosmetology. The scientific work attracts attention to the insufficient and scientifically unjustified use of the peat resources in the national economy. That is why there is a feasibility to use the certain areas as environment-oriented lands. This direction of use includes the creation of recreational zones, hunting grounds, high-productive plantations of berries and unique medicinal plants. We have grounded the idea that these soils can be attributed to ecologically sensitive objects, which require the detailed study for rational use. In the article, the author concludes that an integrated approach to using peatland resources will give the possibility to preserve these unique intrazonal formations.

scholarly journals Radioecological safety of agricultural and forest ecosystems in the remote period after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2016 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
O. Furdychko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Radiological Control

Enhancing the role of scientific providing of radiation monitoring in agrosphere in the remote period of the radiation situation development after nuclear and radiation accidents has been justified. Recent problems and challenges of scientific support of agricultural production in the zone of Chernobyl NPP accidental emissions radioactive contamination in a remote period after the accident have been formulated. Radiation and environmental aspects of agricultural raw materials production in the regions contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster have been reviewed. It has been substantiated that further improvement of the radiological situation is possible with implementation of countermeasures aimed at the production of radioactively safe agricultural products and a thorough radiological control at its all levels.

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