When will firms conduct joint R&D? : The role of organizational innovation and protection mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Do Bum Chung ◽  
Hye Jeong Jang ◽  
Byung il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

scholarly journals Cut-and-Mouse and Ghost Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ziya Alper Genç ◽  
Gabriele Lenzini ◽  
Daniele Sgandurra
Keyword(s):  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Standard Code ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Copy And Paste ◽  
Digital Assets

To protect their digital assets from malware attacks, most users and companies rely on antivirus (AV) software. AVs’ protection is a full-time task against malware: This is similar to a game where malware, e.g., through obfuscation and polymorphism, denial of service attacks, and malformed packets and parameters, tries to circumvent AV defences or make them crash. However, AVs react by complementing signature-based detection with anomaly or behavioral analysis, and by using OS protection, standard code, and binary protection techniques. Further, malware counter-acts, for instance, by using adversarial inputs to avoid detection, and so on. In this cat-and-mouse game, a winning strategy is trying to anticipate the move of the adversary by looking into one’s own weaknesses, seeing how the adversary can penetrate them, and building up appropriate defences or attacks. In this article, we play the role of malware developers and anticipate two novel moves for the malware side to demonstrate the weakness in the AVs and to improve the defences in AVs’ side. The first one consists in simulating mouse events to control AVs, namely, to send them mouse “clicks” to deactivate their protection. We prove that many AVs can be disabled in this way, and we call this class of attacks Ghost Control . The second one consists in controlling whitelisted applications, such as Notepad, by sending them keyboard events (such as “copy-and-paste”) to perform malicious operations on behalf of the malware. We prove that the anti-ransomware protection feature of AVs can be bypassed if we use Notepad as a “puppet” to rewrite the content of protected files as a ransomware would do. Playing with the words, and recalling the cat-and-mouse game, we call this class of attacks Cut-and-Mouse . We tested these two attacks on 29 AVs, and the results show that 14 AVs are vulnerable to Ghost Control attack while all 29 AV programs tested are found vulnerable to Cut-and-Mouse . Furthermore, we also show some weaknesses in additional protection mechanisms of AVs, such as sandboxing and CAPTCHA verification. We have engaged with the affected AV companies, and we reported the disclosure communication with them and their responses.

The impact of self-development on the tendency toward organizational innovation in higher education institutions with the mediating role of human resource agility

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Narenji Thani ◽  
Ebrahim Mazari ◽  
Somaye Asadi ◽  
Maryam Mashayekhikhi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nonacademic Staff ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeConsidering innovation and its improvement as an essential strategy to enable organizations to continue their lives in the new competitive environment leads to a focus on employees' self-development as a factor that affects human resource agility (HRA) and the tendency toward organizational innovation. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to explain the impact of self-development on the tendency toward organizational innovation with the role of the mediator, HRA in higher education institutions as one of the most important and vital organizations in any society.Design/methodology/approachThe study was an applicable one with the quantitative approach using the descriptive–correlative method. The population consisted of 477 nonacademic employees of Kharazmi University among whom 214 ones were selected as the sample group, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the self-development, HRA and the tendency toward organizational innovation questionnaires and then analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe study findings revealed a positive impact of self-development on the HRA (γ = 0/79) and HRA on the tendency toward organizational innovation (β = 0/6). Also, self-development with mediating HRA impacts the tendency toward organizational innovation (β = 0/58). Finally, self-development had no direct impact on the tendency toward organizational innovation.Research limitations/implicationsTaking the circumstances of doing this research into consideration, if there were the opportunity to do the research on the staffs of more than one university simultaneously and categorize the university staff into executives, managers and experts, more favorable results could be achieved. Also, considering group and organizational factors with the attention to the self-development approach and its factors would provide more awareness-training information on the higher education system in Iran. For future researches, both the individual and group factors are suggested to be surveyed and compared, to assess the weight and impact of these factors all together and to provide an adequate clarification of the role of the group and the organization. Finally, in future studies, it is also recommended that a qualitative approach be used to reach deeper clarifications on the aspects of these variables in the context of higher education.Practical implicationsThese findings have major practical implications concerning the higher educational settings. The findings of this study must give significant and practical insights for policymakers of universities and other higher education stakeholders, as well as recommendations to the academic community for further research in this area. First, they should recognize that nonacademic staff members are professional employees who contribute to improving organizational innovation. Higher education must focus on designing and implementing successful mechanisms and a well-planned self-development program that can help and promote the self-development approach among all staff. If the above-mentioned programs are designed based on the employees' needs analysis, they will get trained in a way to enhance mental and behavioral flexibility. The programs with such an approach can result in the proactive, adaptive, resilient behavior and agility of HR.Originality/valueThe model for this study has integrated and prioritized the key innovation drivers that would help universities design, adopt and implement policies and practices that facilitate and encourage improvements and adaptation to a fast-paced environment. Furthermore, the convincing reason for the significance of the current research is that although several types of research have been carried out on each of these three variables in different contexts separately, very few studies, like this, have directly examined the correlation between these three variables among the non-academic staff in higher education institutes. So, given the importance of the issue and rare availability of evidence in this regard, the authors were intrigued to discover whether the self-development through the mediation of HRA could reinforce and strengthen the tendency toward organizational innovation and whether HRA could be an appropriate mediator of the relationship between self-development and the tendency toward organizational innovation among the nonacademic staff of Kharazmi University as one of the most prestigious and celebrated universities in Iran.

The Role of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Resistance of Forests to Water Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

Forest trees live in enforced symbiosis with specialized fungi that form composite organs (ectomycorrhizas) with fine roots. This paper examines how this association contributes to the water status of trees and how it plays a major role in the protection mechanisms by which trees and forest stands resist drought-induced water stress. It shows how ectomycorrhizal symbiosis has both direct effects (at the uptake level) and indirect effects (at the regulation level) on the water status of trees. The facts presented are discussed in terms of forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions and the practical consequences for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Analysis of Healthcare Systems by Using Systemic Approach

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bielecki ◽  
Sylwia Nieszporska
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
System Properties

National healthcare systems in all countries do not act effectively. Therefore, especially strategies for introducing organizational innovation to public organization should be considered. The problem is how to organize the research in this field. One of the generally accepted solutions is the systemic approach to healthcare systems. In this paper multiagent systems theory and autonomous systems theory are applied to the analysis of main types of healthcare systems. Such analysis allows us to consider the system properties: the level of the autonomy, energy dissipation in the system, the payoff specificity (in the meaning of game theory), functional role of the agents in the system, the level of the agents’ cooperation, and delays in flows of money, requests, rules, and controls. As a result, some new functionalities of the healthcare system on the national level have been found and analysed. The aforementioned parameters are good tools to analyse the system functionality.

Organizational structure and innovation performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov ◽  
Changjoon Rhee ◽  
Junghyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Republic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of innovative behavior on the relationships between organizational structure, such as centralization, formalization, integration, and organizational innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 140 functional managers of manufacturing organizations in the Republic of Korea. The authors used structural equation modeling procedure to evaluate the validity of proposed hypotheses. Findings The results suggest that innovative behavior mediates the links among centralization, formalization, and organizational innovation performance. However, the findings indicate that innovative behavior does not mediate the relationship between integration and organizational innovation performance. Originality/value This work is the first to examine the mediating role of innovative behavior on the associations among centralization, integration, and organizational innovation performance.

The Telework as an Organizational Innovation in the Entities of the Third Sector

2017 ◽  
pp. 570-584
Author(s):  
Ángel Belzunegui ◽  
Amaya Erro-Garcés ◽  
Inma Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Traditional Organization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Third Sector

This article discusses the role of the telework as an organizational innovation incorporated to the activities of the third sector as well as in the creation of networks and links between these entities. The telework has become a tool that has produced important changes in the traditional organization of the work, and has improved the inter- and intra-organizational communication, in addition to promoting the creation of extensive networks of collaboration in the third sector. The online connection and the provision made in telework mode have also served for the creation of a higher density of contacts between the entities that are grouped in the third sector, done so that it benefits the transmission of information and collaborative practices in providing services to the citizens. Its effectiveness consists in the speed that prints the response capacity of the social economy entities.

Impact of E-HRM Strategies on Organizational Innovation by Knowledge Repository as Mediating Role

2021 ◽  
pp. 2317-2339
Author(s):  
Aysar Mohammad Khashman
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Knowledge Repository ◽  
Knowledge Repositories

The current study is intended to provide the analysis of the direct and indirect relationships between (E-HRM) strategies and organizational innovation through a knowledge repository as a mediation construct. From various previous studies, five (E-HRM) strategies constructs were adopted for this study. These include e-recruitment, e-selection, e-training, e-performance appraisal, and e-compensations, and used the mediating role of a knowledge repository for these constructs to improve organizational innovation. The study applied the Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software to analyze the underlying relationships amongst the most relevant constructs between (E-HRM) strategies, knowledge repositories, and organizational innovation with a total of seven constructs. As a result of analysis of the findings from middle managers (n = 94) working for the Royal Jordanian airline. It was found that there was a strong and statistically positive significant relationship between several (E-HRM) strategies and organizational innovation by using the knowledge repository as a mediation construct.

Unvollständige Professionalisierung und Konflikte im Bereich der Sozialarbeit / Incomplete Professionalization and Conflicts in Social Work

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldo Blinkert
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Occupational Expectations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge And Acceptance

AbstractSince long one can observe definite tendencies to professionalize the role of social workers. In a research project will be investigated with which type of unplanned consequences these tendencies are connected. The research will be concluded towards the end of 1972. The following hypotheses will be tested: (1) The lesser the possibilities to integrate practical procedures into the professional base of knowledge, the greater the loss of plausibility of the professional role at the beginning of the professional career. (2) The greater the incompatibility between expectations for control and structures of control performance, the more conflicts will occur in welfare organizations. (3) Patterns of adaptation will be adopted in the course of the professional career which enable a settlement of the discrepancies between occupational expectations of the social worker and restrictions of his organization. Such patterns of adaptation are the following: avoidance, organizational innovation, immunization of the base of knowledge and acceptance of bureaucratic role interpretations.

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