scholarly journals Stable aggregate dynamics and carbon storage in acidified forest soils: Influence of atmospheric deposition and conifer conversion at the Fernow Experimental Forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Kemner
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Aggregate Dynamics ◽  
Stable Aggregate ◽  
Fernow Experimental Forest

scholarly journals Association with pedogenic iron and aluminum: effects on soil organic carbon storage and stability in four temperate forest soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Porras ◽  
Caitlin E. Hicks Pries ◽  
Karis J. McFarlane ◽  
Paul J. Hanson ◽  
Margaret S. Torn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
Temperate Forest Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

Impacts of atmospheric deposition on New Jersey pine barrens forest soils and communities of ectomycorrhizae

2004 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dighton ◽  
Amy R. Tuininga ◽  
Dennis M. Gray ◽  
Rebecca E. Huskins ◽  
Thomas Belton
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Pine Barrens

scholarly journals Carbon Storage in Coarse and Fine Fractions of Pacific Northwest Old-Growth Forest Soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Homann ◽  
S. M. Remillard ◽  
M. E. Harmon ◽  
B. T. Bormann
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Mineral Weathering Promotes Carbon Storage in Forest Soils Macro to Nanoscale Characterizations of 20-year in situ Weathered Vermiculite Particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingride Jesus Van Der Kellen ◽  
Delphine Derrien ◽  
Jaafar Ghanbaja ◽  
Marie-Pierre Turpault
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Element Mapping

<p>Forest soils are a major contributor to soil organic carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key-role in climate change mitigation. Mineral weathering in soils is expected to promote chemical and physical interactions between soil organic matter and mineral phases. These interactions are known to enhance the protection of organic matter from decomposition. The investigation of the mineral-organic associations (MOA) formation mechanisms during weathering is therefore crucial to understand carbon storage processes in soils. Until now studies have been mainly conducted through laboratory experiments in simplified and controlled conditions or over very long-term time scales using pedosequences. But knowledge about MOA formation processes occurring in situ is lacking, notably during the first stage of mineral weathering.</p><p>To fill this gap, we performed a mesh bag incubation of large Na-saturated vermiculite particles (100-200 µm in size) in a Typic Dystrochrept soil of a Douglas-fir forest, in the Beaujolais area (France). The incubated particles were deposited at the interface under the forest floor. After 20 years, the weathered vermiculite particles were collected and characterized at the macro-scale (XRD and physico-chemical analysis), at the micro-scale (Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM, imaging and element mapping) and at the nano-scale (Transmission Electron Microscopy - TEM imaging, element mapping and speciation).</p><p>Cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations and elemental analysis showed significant differences between the mineral structures of the initial (V0) and 20 year incubated (V20) vermiculite particles. The exchangeable Na was completely depleted. Cation exchange capacity strongly decreased in V20 (49.2 cmol<sub>c</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>) compared to V0 (173.6 cmol<sub>c</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>). The V20 lost its specific interlayer collapsing property (≈1.4 -> ≈1.0 nm) with K saturation. V20 interlayer collapsing was only observed with a 330°C heating treatment, suggesting the interlayer hydroxylation of vermiculite. High sheet dissolution, around 10%, was also observed. All these changes were attributed to chemical weathering, during which total C analysis showed significant enrichment in V20 (5.7 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) compared to V0 (0.8 mg g<sup>-1</sup>).</p><p>Macro, micro and nano-scale images and elemental mapping of V0 particles showed a highly flat, smooth surface morphology with no detected C. In contrast, V20 particles showed irregular outer and inner surfaces marked by multiple cracks of chemical dissolution. We also observed internal nano-sized exfoliation spaces filled with C and enriched in Ca, and micro-sized exfoliation spaces filled with C entrapped in nano-crystalline Mn oxides or K-rich aluminosilicates precipitates. The nature of the organic matter found strongly differed between small and large exfoliation spaces. It was characterized by alcohol, carboxyl functional groups and C=C bonds in small exfoliation spaces, while the obtained EELS spectra were more difficult to interpret in large exfoliations spaces. These results provide new evidence that over 20 years in situ weathering induces a significant dissolution, among other physical and chemical changes in large vermiculite particles. They reveal that the mineral weathering processes are responsible for the organic matter entrapment (i) in the newly formed mineral nano-sized spaces, possibly mediated by Ca, and (ii) in association with secondary minerals deposits in micro-sized spaces.</p>

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Carbon Storage of Forest Soils on Cambodian Basalt: A Preliminary Study with a Density Fractionation Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei TORIYAMA ◽  
Seiichi OHTA ◽  
Yasuhiro OHNUKI ◽  
Akihiro IMAYA ◽  
Eriko ITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Density Fractionation ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Fertilization and Tree Species Influence on Stable Aggregates in Forest Soil

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Jacob E. Kemner ◽  
Mary Beth Adams ◽  
Louis M. McDonald ◽  
William T. Peterjohn ◽  
Charlene N. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Aggregation Formation ◽  
And Storage

Background and objectives: aggregation and structure play key roles in the water-holding capacity and stability of soils and are important for the physical protection and storage of soil carbon (C). Forest soils are an important sink of ecosystem C, though the capacity to store C may be disrupted by the elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds by dispersion of soil aggregates via acidification or altered microbial activity. Furthermore, dominant tree species and the lability of litter they produce can influence aggregation processes. Materials and methods: we measured water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate-associated organic matter (OM) content in soils from two watersheds and beneath four hardwood species at the USDA Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, where one watershed has received (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer since 1989 and one is a reference/control of similar stand age. Bulk soil OM, pH, and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) were also measured. Research highlights: fertilized soil exhibited decreased macro-aggregate formation and a greater proportion of smaller micro-aggregates or unassociated clay minerals, particularly in the B-horizon. This shift in aggregation to soil more dominated by the smallest (<53 µm) fraction is associated with both acidification (soil pH) and increased microbially processed C (POXC) in fertilized soil. Intra-aggregate OM was also depleted in the fertilized soil (52% less OM in the 53–2000 µm fractions), most strongly in subsurface B-horizon soil. We also document that tree species can influence soil aggregation, as soil beneath species with more labile litter contained more OM in the micro-aggregate size class (<250 µm), especially in the fertilized watershed, while species with more recalcitrant litter promoted more OM in the macro-aggregate size classes (500–2000 µm) in the reference watershed. Conclusions: long-term fertilization, and likely historic atmospheric deposition, of forest soils has weakened macro-aggregation formation, with implications for soil stability, hydrology, and storage of belowground C.

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