scholarly journals Suggestibility in an adolescent and young adult sample: Age and individual differences

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca G. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Adult Sample ◽  
Sample Age

scholarly journals 0216 Is There a Daily Rhythm in Alcohol Craving and Does It Vary by Circadian Timing?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A84-A84
Author(s):  
G Hisler ◽  
S Pedersen ◽  
D Clark ◽  
S Rothenberger ◽  
B Hasler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Dim Light

Abstract Introduction People with later circadian timing tend to consume more alcohol, potentially due to altered rhythms in when and how much they crave alcohol throughout the day. However, whether circadian factors play a role in alcohol craving has received scant attention. Here, we investigated if the daily rhythm of alcohol craving varied by circadian timing in two independent studies of late adolescent and young adult drinkers. Methods In Study 1, 32 participants (18–22 years of age; 61% female; 69% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving five times a day for 14 days. Participants wore wrist actigraphs and completed two in-lab assessments of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Average actigraphically-assessed midpoint of sleep on weekends and average DLMO were used as indicators of circadian timing. In Study 2, 231 participants (21–35 years of age; 28% female; 71% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving six times a day for 10 days. Average midpoint of self-reported time-in-bed on weekends was used to estimate circadian timing. Results Multilevel cosinor analysis revealed a 24-hour daily rhythm in alcohol craving which was moderated by circadian timing in both studies (p’s<0.05). In both Study 1 and 2, people with later circadian timing had a later timed peak of craving. In Study 1, but not Study 2, later circadian timing predicted a blunted amplitude in craving. Conclusion Findings support a daily rhythm in craving that varies by individual differences in circadian timing. Because craving is an important predictor of future alcohol use, the findings implicate circadian factors as a useful area to advance alcohol research and potentially improve interventions. Support R21AA023209; R01DA044143; K01AA021135; ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research.

Facial affect recognition in adolescent and young adult offenders with and without traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Cohen ◽  
Natalia Lawrence ◽  
Eleanor Kennedy ◽  
Marcus Robert Munafo ◽  
W. Huw Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Adult Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in people who offend and is associated with risk of violence. As social cognition is often affected by TBI, we suggest criminal behaviour in people with TBI may be associated with deficits in social cognition. This study investigates facial affect recognition (FAR) in adolescent and young adult offenders with and without TBI. We describe two related observational case-control studies of 35 adolescents (study 1) and 89 male young adults (study 2) within community justice programmes. Participants were administered measures of emotion recognition and neuropsychological functioning, with self-reported history of TBI. In study 1 we found evidence of impairment in FAR in those with a substantial TBI, compared with those with mild or no injury. This effect was not replicated in the adult sample in study 2. However, TBI was associated with poorer performance for attention switching, greater post-concussion symptomology, describing of emotions and ‘interpersonal’ problems, suggesting ongoing sequalae in those with more severe injuries. We also observed an increased risk of violent recidivism in those with substantial TBI compared to those with mild or no injury in the adult sample. Implications for screening and treatment are discussed.

Fear of Recurrence in Late Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalnim Cho ◽  
Crystal L. Park ◽  
Alexis Berglund ◽  
Jack Olexovitch ◽  
Alexandra Snavely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Fear Of Recurrence ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Young Adult Survivors
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