scholarly journals Feeding Female Growing Rats Different Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affects Lung Fatty Acid Composition and Gene Expression

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Dalzot
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Different Sources

scholarly journals Nutritional ecology of essential fatty acids: an evolutionary perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hulbert ◽  
Sarah K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition

There are four types of fatty acids but only two types are essential nutritional requirements for many animals. These are the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and because they cannot be converted to one another they are separate essential dietary requirements. They are only required in small amounts in the diet and their biological importance stems largely from their role as constituents of membrane lipids. They are synthesised by plants and, as a generalisation, green leaves are the source of n-3 PUFA while seeds are the source of n-6 PUFA in the food chain. While the fatty acid composition of storage fats (triglycerides) is strongly influenced by dietary fatty acid composition, this is not the case for membrane fats. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids is relatively unresponsive to dietary fatty acid composition, although n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA can substitute for each in membrane lipids to some extent. Membrane fatty acid composition appears to be regulated and specific for different species. The role of essential fats in the diet of animals on (1) basal metabolic rate, (2) thermoregulation, (3) maximum longevity, and (4) exercise performance is discussed.

STUDY OF IWASHI SARDINE LIPIDS IN THE SCOPE OF POPULATION NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Elena Chupikova ◽  
Konstantin Pavel ◽  
Svetlana Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The article analyzes the fatty acid composition of the frozen iwashi lipids of different shelf lives. It is established that the total amount of essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in iwashi’s fat reaches almost 90% of all polyunsaturated fatty acids and remains practically unchanged for 12 months of fish cold storage. It is shown that products from iwashi contain a significant amount of essential fatty acids, indispensable for the human body, which can be used to optimize the population nutrition and satisfy the physiological needs in eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase purine but not pyrimidine transport in L1210 leukaemia cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle MARTIN ◽  
Kelly A. MECKLING-GILL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Long Chain

Here we show that in vitro supplementation of L1210 murine lymphoblastic leukaemia cells with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids results in considerable changes in the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. Incubations for 48 h with 30 μM eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA) results primarily in substitution of long-chain n-6 fatty acids with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This results in a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio from 6.9 in unsupplemented cultures to 1.2 or 1.6 for EPA and DHA supplemented cultures, respectively. Coincident with these changes in membrane fatty acid composition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the rate of adenosine (5 μM) uptake via the nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter in EPA- and DHA- supplemented L1210 cells, relative to unsupplemented cells. This seemed to result from a decrease in the Km for adenosine from 12.5 μM in unsupplemented cultures to 5.1 μM in DHA-treated cultures. Guanosine (50 μM) transport was similarly affected by DHA with a 3.5-fold increase in the initial rate of uptake. In contrast, pyrimidine transport, as measured by uptake of thymidine and cytidine, was not similarly affected, suggesting that substrate recognition had been altered by fatty acid supplementation. Studies using [3H]NBMPR showed that there was no effect of EPA or DHA on either the number of NBMPR-binding sites or the affinity of these sites for NBMPR. This observation suggests that the increases in adenosine and guanosine transport were not due to increases in the number of transporter sites but rather that EPA and DHA directly or indirectly modulate transporter function.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of Bulgarian Black Sea fish species

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Lubomir Makedonski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Red Mullet ◽  
Sea Fish

Abstract The fatty acid compositions of three Black Sea fish species turbot (Pseta maxima), red mullet (Mullusbarbatus ponticus) and garfish (Belone belone) were investigated. This species are considered as preferred for consumption in Bulgaria. Lipid extraction was done according to the Bligh and Dyer method. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC/MS. The saturated fatty acids amounts were 38.32 % for turbot, 35.44 % red mullet and 42.90% for garfish. Monounsaturated fatty acids were found in lowest level in comparison with other groups for garfish (23.65%) and turbot (24.85%) while for red mullet they have a highest value - 37.56%. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (C 20:5 omega 3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (C 22:6 omega 3, DHA) acids were found in highest levels in turbot (22.26%) and garfish (21.80%) and in lowest values of red mullet (9.35%). The results showed that the fish examined are good source of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting in a very favourable omega 3 / omega 6 ratios, especially in turbot and garfish

scholarly journals The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profile of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1037-1037
Author(s):  
John Miklavcic ◽  
Diana Bickmore ◽  
Laura Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Whole Milk

Abstract Objectives Mammalian cells produce extracellular vesicles that function in intercellular communication. There is very little known about the structure of extracellular vesicles that are present in human milk. This research aimed to characterize the fatty acid composition of extracellular vesicles in human milk relative to the whole milk. Methods Mothers (n = 35) provided milk two weeks postpartum and the samples were frozen. Samples were thawed and de-fatted before extracellular vesicles were isolated using a precipitation reagent. The whole milk and corresponding samples of extracellular vesicles were analyzed for total fatty acid composition by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Results Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acid (r,2 = 0.54; P < 0.001) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acid (r,2 = 0.62; P < 0.001) content in extracellular vesicles from milk and in the whole milk were highly correlated. Other individual fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6) and total saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not significantly correlated in extracellular vesicles from milk and in the whole milk. The content of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were enriched 1.5-fold in the whole milk relative to extracellular vesicles from milk. Linoleic (18:2n-6) acid and alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) acid were enriched 3- and 2-fold respectively in extracellular vesicles from milk relative to the whole milk. Conclusions Extracellular vesicles in milk are enriched in essential fatty acid precursors (18:2n-6, 18:3n-3) and the whole milk is enriched in long-chain omega-3 products (22:6n-3, 20:5n-3). Polyunsaturated fatty acids are partitioned in human milk extracellular vesicles in a discriminate manner. Funding Sources The research was supported by the NIH and University institutional funds.

scholarly journals Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alter the Fatty Acid Composition of Hepatic and Plasma Bioactive Lipids in C57BL/6 Mice: A Lipidomic Approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e82399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode A. Balogun ◽  
Carolyn J. Albert ◽  
David A. Ford ◽  
Robert J. Brown ◽  
Sukhinder K. Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bioactive Lipids

Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alter Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids and CYP2E1 Expression in Rat Liver Tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Maksymchuk ◽  
Angela Shysh ◽  
Mykola Chashchyn ◽  
Olexiy Moibenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cyp2e1 Expression

Abstract. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are used for the treatment and prevention of numerous pathologies in humans. As recently found, PUFAs play significantly protective roles in liver, cardiovascular system and kidney. They also are widely used in total parenteral nutrition. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA consumption on liver fatty acid composition and the expression of CYP2E1, one of the key enzymes in detoxification and prooxidant systems of liver cells. To estimate the oxidative stress in liver tissue, the antioxidant status and the level of lipid peroxidation were determined in a rodent model. Animals were divided into two groups: control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10). Epadol-containing omega-3 PUFA fish oil capsules were administered to Wistar rats within 4 weeks (0.1 mL/100 g b.w./day). The consumption of omega-3 PUFAs resulted in changes of fatty acid composition of liver tissue. A significant increase was detected in the α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid content (5.1-, 16-, and 1.3-fold, respectively, p < 0.05), while the content of linoleic and arachidonic acid was reduced (1.7- and 3.2-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). This caused significant increases in the omega-3:omega-6 ratio. Consumption of omega-3 PUFAs led to a 3-fold (p < 0.05) increase in CYP2E1 content, which could entail enhanced Nrf2 expression levels and increases in the HO-1 content in rat liver. The alteration in CYP2E1 expression did not have an impact on the level of lipid peroxidation and on the prooxidant/antioxidant balance.

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