scholarly journals Do parental monitoring strategies, parental knowledge, and adolescent risk -taking differ based on family income and parental marital status? The role of resiliency

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Golden-Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Parental Marital Status

The Role of Parental Monitoring in Mediating the Link Between Adolescent ADHD Symptoms and Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Bella Poni ◽  
Naama Gershy ◽  
Adi Aran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Objective: ADHD in adolescents and low level of parental monitoring have been associated with increased risk-taking behavior. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts mediates the correlations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior. Method: Ninety-two adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parents’ monitoring, engagement in risk-taking behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. Results: Greater engagement in risk-taking behavior correlated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms and decreased parental monitoring. Mediation analysis revealed both direct effect of ADHD symptoms on risk-taking behavior and an indirect effect mediated by level of parental knowledge. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental knowledge is negatively affected by the presence of ADHD symptoms, and may in turn lead to risk-taking behavior. The findings emphasize the need to target parenting and in particular parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts to reduce risk-taking behaviors among youth with ADHD.

Racial Differences in Risk-Taking Propensity on the Youth Version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART-Y)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Collado ◽  
Cristina M. Risco ◽  
Anne N. Banducci ◽  
Kevin W. Chen ◽  
Laura MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
White Adolescents ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Research indicates that White adolescents tend to engage in greater levels of risk behavior relative to Black adolescents. To better understand these differences, the current study examined real-time changes in risk-taking propensity (RTP). The study utilized the Balloon Analogue Risk Task–Youth Version (BART-Y), a well-validated real-time, laboratory assessment of RTP. The sample included 224 adolescents (41% Black; Mage = 11 + 0.8 years old). Generalized Equations Modeling analyses indicated that Black adolescents showed greater RTP decreases over the course of the task relative to White adolescents. Findings suggested that both groups exhibited similar RTP at the beginning of the BART-Y, and that significant differences emerged as the task progressed. The differences in RTP remained after controlling for family income, gender, age, and past-year risk behaviors. RTP may be an important target of investigation when examining racial differences in adolescent risk behavior.

scholarly journals Moderated mediation of the link between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking: The role of physiological regulation and hostile behavior in an experimentally controlled investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Anjali Jain ◽  
Tristan Wilson ◽  
Danielle E. Deros ◽  
Irene Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Arousal ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Ability ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Compared to childhood and adulthood, adolescence is a time of greater risk-taking behavior, potentially resulting in serious consequences. Theories of adolescent brain development highlight the imbalance between neural circuitry for reward vs. regulation. Although this imbalance may make adolescents more vulnerable to impaired decision-making in the context of heightened arousal, not all adolescents exhibit problematic risk behavior, suggesting other factors are involved. Relatedly, parent-adolescent conflict increases in mid-adolescence, and is linked to negative outcomes like substance use related risk-taking. However, the mechanism by which parent-adolescent conflict and risk-taking are linked is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated this association using a multi-method experimental design. Parent-adolescent dyads were randomly assigned to complete a discussion task together on the topic of either the adolescent’s dream vacation or an adolescent-identified conflict topic. During the task, adolescent peripheral psychophysiology was measured for later calculation of heart rate variability (HRV), an index of self-regulation. Immediately after the discussion task, adolescents completed a performance-based measure of risk-taking propensity that indexes real-world risk behaviors. We hypothesized that parent-adolescent conflict would predict greater adolescent risk-taking propensity, and that increased behavioral arousal in the context of conflict, coupled with impaired self-regulation, would explain this link. Results indicated no direct effect of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescent risk-taking propensity. However, there was a significant conditional indirect effect: lower HRV, indexing worse regulatory ability, mediated the relation between conflict and risk-taking propensity but only for adolescents exhibiting behavioral arousal during the discussion task. We discuss implications for understanding adolescent risk-taking behavior.

scholarly journals The quality of close relationships in adulthood: the role of sociodemographic and environmental factors

TIMS Acta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Nikolina Kuruzović
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parental Marital Status ◽  
The Relationship

In order to better understand the phenomenon of the quality of different types of close relationships of adults, we have investigated several determinants which define them more clearly. We focused on the relational differences of the respondents according to several sociodemographic (age, gender, employment, marital status and children) and environmental factors (structure and relationships in the family). A total of 400 males and females, ranging from 19 to 51 years, completed a general questionnaire. It collected the data related to sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, as well as the Social Relations Network Inventory (NRI), which assessed the quality of five types of close relationships. The results indicate significant differences between the respondents in the quality of individual close relationships, based on the factors of age, gender, employment, marital status and parenthood, as well as according to the factors of the quality of family relations and parental marital status. The identified differences are particularly pronounced in terms of the quality of the relationship with the mother and the quality of the relationship with the friend, which is explained by the characteristic nature of these relationships, as well as the developmental roles and tasks of the adulthood.

scholarly journals The Role of Probabilistic Reasoning Abilities on Adolescent Risk Taking

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Caterina Primi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Enhanced Striatal Sensitivity to Aversive Reinforcement in Adolescents versus Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Galván ◽  
Kristine M. McGlennen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Negative Factors

Neurodevelopmental changes in mesolimbic regions are associated with adolescent risk-taking behavior. Numerous studies have shown exaggerated activation in the striatum in adolescents compared with children and adults during reward processing. However, striatal sensitivity to aversion remains elusive. Given the important role of the striatum in tracking both appetitive and aversive events, addressing this question is critical to understanding adolescent decision-making, as both positive and negative factors contribute to this behavior. In this study, human adult and adolescent participants performed a task in which they received squirts of appetitive or aversive liquid while undergoing fMRI, a novel approach in human adolescents. Compared with adults, adolescents showed greater behavioral and striatal sensitivity to both appetitive and aversive stimuli, an effect that was exaggerated in response to delivery of the aversive stimulus. Collectively, these findings contribute to understanding how neural responses to positive and negative outcomes differ between adolescents and adults and how they may influence adolescent behavior.

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