scholarly journals The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in the Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Lee Reger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Donley ◽  
Sara B. Fournier ◽  
Brian L. Reger ◽  
Evan DeVallance ◽  
Daniel E. Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Myocardial Efficiency

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a threefold increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality partly due to increased arterial stiffening. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffening/mechanics in MetS subjects without overt CVD or type 2 diabetes. MetS and healthy control (Con) subjects underwent 8 wk of exercise training (ExT; 11 MetS and 11 Con) or remained inactive (11 MetS and 10 Con). The following measures were performed pre- and postintervention: radial pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) was used to measure augmentation pressure and index, central pressures, and an estimate of myocardial efficiency; arterial stiffness was assessed from carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry); carotid thickness was assessed from B-mode ultrasound; and peak aerobic capacity (gas exchange) was performed in the seated position. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and CVD risk (Framingham risk score) were also assessed. cfPWV was reduced ( P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT subjects (7.9 ± 0.6 to 7.2 ± 0.4 m/s) and Con-ExT (6.6 ± 1.8 to 5.6 ± 1.6 m/s). Exercise training reduced ( P < 0.05) central systolic pressure (116 ± 5 to 110 ± 4 mmHg), augmentation pressure (9 ± 1 to 7 ± 1 mmHg), augmentation index (19 ± 3 to 15 ± 4%), and improved myocardial efficiency (155 ± 8 to 168 ± 9), but only in the MetS group. Aerobic capacity increased ( P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT (16.6 ± 1.0 to 19.9 ± 1.0) and Con-ExT subjects (23.8 ± 1.6 to 26.3 ± 1.6). MMP-1 and -7 were correlated with cfPWV, and both MMP-1 and -7 were reduced post-ExT in MetS subjects. These findings suggest that some of the pathophysiological changes associated with MetS can be improved after aerobic exercise training, thereby lowering their cardiovascular risk.

12 Weeks of Combined Exercise Is Better Than Aerobic Exercise for Increasing Growth Hormone in Middle-Aged Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Seo ◽  
Tae-Won Jun ◽  
Kae-Soon Park ◽  
Hyukki Chang ◽  
Wi-Young So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Combined Exercise Training

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined exercise training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and metabolic-syndrome factors and determine whether the changes in GH and/or IGF-1 induced by exercise correlate to the metabolic-syndrome factors in healthy middle-aged women (50–65 years of age).Methods:The participants were randomly assigned into an aerobic-exercise training (walking + aerobics) group (AEG; n = 7), a combined-exercise training (walking + resistance training) group (CEG; n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 7). Exercise sessions were performed 3 times per wk for 12 wk. The aerobic-exercise training consisted of walking and aerobics at 60–80% of heart-rate reserve, and the combined-exercise training consisted of walking and resistance exercise at 50–70% of 1-repetition maximum.Results:GH, percentage body fat, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were significantly improved in CEG (p < .05). However, GH induced by exercise training showed no correlation with metabolic-syndrome factors. IGF-1 was not significantly increased in either AEG or CEG compared with CG.Conclusion:These results indicate that the combined-exercise training produced more enhancement of GH, body composition, and metabolic-syndrome factors than did aerobic-exercise training.

Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Inoue ◽  
Shumpei Fujie ◽  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Naoki Horii ◽  
Masataka Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Animal Study ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
No Production ◽  
Circulating Levels

This study aimed to clarify whether muscle-derived irisin secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial nitric oxide (NO) productivity in obesity. In animal study, 16 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups: sedentary control (OLETF-CON) and 8-week aerobic treadmill training (OLETF-EX) groups. In human study, 15 subjects with obesity completed 8-week aerobic exercise training for 45 min at 60%–70% peak oxygen uptake intensity for 3 days/week. As a result of animal study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was decreased, and arterial phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), circulating levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and irisin, and muscle messenger RNA expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) were increased in the OLETF-EX group compared with OLETF-CON group. In a human study, regular aerobic exercise reduced cfPWV and elevated circulating levels of NOx and irisin. Furthermore, change in circulating irisin levels by regular exercise was positively correlated with circulating NOx levels and was negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training-induced increase in irisin secretion may be related to reduction of arterial stiffness achieved by NO production via activated arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling pathway in obesity. Novelty Aerobic exercise training promoted irisin secretion with upregulation of muscle Fndc5 gene expression in rats with obesity. Irisin affected the activation of arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling by aerobic exercise training. Increased serum irisin level by aerobic exercise training was associated with reduction of arterial stiffness in obese adults.

Reduction of Visceral Adiposity Underlies the Improvement of Arterial Stiffness through Aerobic Exercise Training

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S234
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Takanami ◽  
Fujihisa Kinoshita ◽  
Yukari Kawai ◽  
Osamu Mohira ◽  
Teruichi Shimomitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

scholarly journals Increased serum salusin-α by aerobic exercise training correlates with improvements in arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1201-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumpei Fujie ◽  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Kiyoshi Sanada ◽  
Takafumi Hamaoka ◽  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged

Determining the effect size of aerobic exercise training on the standard lipid profile in sedentary adults with three or more metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-103999
Author(s):  
Gina Wood ◽  
Emily Taylor ◽  
Vanessa Ng ◽  
Anna Murrell ◽  
Aditya Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo estimate the change in the standard lipid profile (SLP) of adults diagnosed with ≥3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors following aerobic exercise training (AET); and to investigate whether study/intervention covariates are associated with this change.DesignSystematic review with univariate meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesEnglish language searches of online databases from inception until July 2020.Eligibility criteria(1) Published randomised controlled human trials with study population ≥10 per group; (2) sedentary adults with ≥3 MetS factors but otherwise free of chronic disease, not pregnant/lactating; (3) AET-only intervention with duration ≥12 weeks; and (4) reporting pre–post intervention SLP outcomes.ResultsVarious univariate meta-analyses pooled 48 data sets of 2990 participants. Aerobic exercise training significantly (P<.001) improved all lipids (mmol/L mean difference ranges, 95% CIs): total cholesterol, –0.19 (–0.26 to –0.12) to –0.29 (−0.36 to –0.21); triglycerides, −0.17 (–0.19 to –0.14) to –0.18 (−0.24 to –0.13); high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) to 0.10 (0.05 to 0.15); and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), –0.12 (–0.16 to –0.9) to –0.20 (−0.25 to –0.14). Meta-regression showed that intensity may explain change in triglycerides and volume may explain change in HDL-C and LDL-C.ConclusionAerobic exercise training positively changes the SLP of sedentary and otherwise healthy adults with ≥3 MetS factors. Adjusting AET intervention training variables may increase the effects of AET on triglycerides and HDL-C.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020151925.

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