scholarly journals Evaluation of opacity, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide from heavy-duty diesel transient chassis tests

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Page Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions, Fifty Years: 1960–2010

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Merrion
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Consent Decrees ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines have been legislated since the 1960’s and continue until 2010. Smoke emissions continue to be controlled but exhaust odor regulations were never promulgated. Gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons) were not regulated until 1973 and particulate matter first regulated in 1988. Emission regulations have been through several periods of cooperation between regulators and manufacturers but there have also been periods of conflict and lawsuits. The most recent issues are with the October 2002 requirements of the Consent Decrees signed by seven diesel engine manufacturers and USEPA/US DOJ/CARB. Also the 2007/2010 regulations are under review.

Emissions Comparison between Truck and Rail: Case Study of California I-40

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Barth ◽  
Ramakrishna R. Tadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Movement Study ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

A comprehensive goods movement study of the California Interstate 40 corridor (from Barstow to Needles) has recently been completed. This study attempted to characterize goods movement in the region, perform a corridor emissions analysis, and make recommendations in terms of capacity and improvements, as well as economic feasibility of using rail in conjunction with trucks for goods movement. The emissions analysis of goods movement along the I-40 corridor is examined, specifically emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter associated with both truck and rail traffic. Heavy-duty diesel truck emissions are estimated using truck activity data recorded along the corridor. A unique methodology is used to calculate these truck emissions, incorporating road grade factors and determining engine load on a link-by-link basis. These emissions are then compared with the emissions associated with freight trains that travel along this I-40 corridor. On the basis of current (1994) truck and rail volumes, it was found that goods moved by rail produces lower emissions, except for NOx, which is slightly higher for rail. The factor decrease of other pollutants ranges from 2.49 to 8.50, which is consistent with other recent studies. Given the amount of pollutants produced by trucks, shifting some of the freight from trucks to rail with a greater emphasis on intermodal business should reduce the total freight emissions along the I-40 corridor.

Fuel Quality Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. J. Den Ouden ◽  
R. H. Clark ◽  
L. T. Cowley ◽  
R. J. Stradling ◽  
W. W. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Parametric Study of 2007 Standard Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Particulate Matter Sampling System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebin Wu ◽  
Nigel Clark ◽  
Daniel Carder ◽  
Gregory J. Thompson ◽  
Mridul Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Impact of military JP-8 fuel on heavy-duty diesel engine performance and emissions

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fernandes ◽  
J Fuschetto ◽  
Z Filipi ◽  
D Assanis ◽  
H McKee
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Investigating the impact of jet fuel on diesel engine performance and emissions is very important for military vehicles, due to the US Army Single Fuel Forward Policy mandating that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel, due to its lower density and viscosity. On the other hand, a few experimental studies have suggested that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter, compared to diesel fuel #2 (DF-2). However, studies so far have typically focused on quantifying the effects of simply replacing the regular DF-2 with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy-duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance, and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose changes to the engine calibration to mitigate the impact of the trade-offs. Experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched, without smoke or NO x penalty, by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for the lower fuel density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 caused an increased ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, and their cumulative effect led to relatively unchanged combustion phasing. Under almost all conditions, JP-8 led to lower NO x and particulate matter (PM) emissions and shifted the NO x-PM trade-off favourably.

Size Distribution of Diesel Particulate Matter From a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine During FTP Transient Cycle

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Tatli ◽  
Nigel N. Clark ◽  
Richard J. Atkinson ◽  
Gregory J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Accumulation Mode ◽  
Particulate Size ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Average Size

Researchers concerned both with diesel exhaust health effects and with mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) formation have an interest in gaining understanding of PM size distributions from heavy-duty on-road diesel engines. Prior research has been done on particulate size measurement but the results fall short in understanding PM size distributions because of the response time or size range of the instruments used. This study reports the transient size distributions of PM from a 1992 Detroit Diesel Series 60 on an engine dynamometer from a full flow dilution tunnel for a FTP Transient Cycle using a Cambustion ® Differential Mobility spectrometer (DMS 500). The size bins selected for this study for the nucleation and accumulation modes were 20nm and 60nm bins, respectively. The accumulation mode during the accelerations and the nucleation mode during the decelerations were clearly observed from the distributions with respect to time. Distributions were also observed during the test cycle showing the transition between the two modes. From the results obtained from the analysis, no strong correlation between the 60nm particles and engine speed was observed even though higher counts of accumulation particles were observed at the same time that the vehicle activity occurred. Similarly, there was no correlation between the accumulation mode particles and power. When the distributions of nucleation and accumulation mode particles were plotted against each other, there was no correlation or anti-correlation. The average size distributions were also analyzed during the four periods of the FTP Transient cycle and the highest counts were observed during the Los Angeles Freeway (LAF) period. Also, higher counts at the second New York Non Freeway (NYNF) were observed during the cycle.

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