scholarly journals Design of Bending Moment and Load Capacity Test for FRP Sheet Piles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Larry Wilt
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Frp Sheet

scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Bending Moment Effect on Hollow Columns of Multi-layers of Hybrid Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ayad A. Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Alumina Composite ◽  
Moment Effect

This paper presented the effect of bending on multi-layer of hollow columns of Hybrid materials (Carbon-Glass /epoxy-Alumina) composite this effect occurred and volume fraction of fibers. An experimental procedure was developed to study the performance of these effects under bending load using a hydraulic bending device type (MATEST. SRL) testing machine. This study has three forms through the selection of columns hollows width to thickness (a/b) (0.5, 1 and 2) with three types of layers of samples (2,4 and8) layers. The ultimate load of failure for each Hybrid/epoxy-Al2O3 had been determined and specified the optimum volume fraction (Vf) due to the effect of mixing 50% and 60% were low in the case for compared 55% volume fraction. To simulate this problem the researcher used Explicit Mesh for AUTODYN under ANSYS-15 software, it was found that maximum bending load for Hybrid/ Epoxy-Al2O3 Specimens, the maximum load of specimens increased with increasing number of layers from 2L to 8L. The results also identified that the maximum load capacity by 55% volume fraction and a/b=0.5 of all composite specimens was highest from the others types of (50% and 60%) volume fractions and (a/b=1 and a/b=2) .Also, the Increasing ratio of stress capacity for specimens have 4 to 2 layers (4/2)  and 8 to 4  (8/4) for experimental results have maximum value with increasing by 48.19%  and 46.84% at (Sp.4#8/Sp.2#4) and (Sp.8#6/Sp.4#6) respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of Shear Strength of FRP Anchors

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 09008
Author(s):  
Philipp Mahrenholtz ◽  
Jae-Yeol Cho ◽  
Ja-Min Park ◽  
Rolf Eligehausen
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Cyclic Shear ◽  
Concrete Body ◽  
Seismic Tests ◽  
Frp Sheet

A critical performance aspect of FRP retrofitted concrete elements is the bonding of the FRP sheet to the concrete surface. In general, the performance is limited by the debonding of the loaded FRP sheets from the concrete surface. One method to delay debonding and enhance the capacity is the use of FRP anchors which interlock the FRP sheet to the concrete body. FRP anchors are made of rolled FRP fibres epoxied into in predrilled boreholes. There are a considerable number of studies on FRP strengthening methods available, and also FRP anchors attract more attention of the research community recently. However, to date FRP anchors were tested in a system together with the FRP sheet attached to the concrete, inhibiting the development of general design models. Moreover, the anchor behaviour was never tested for cyclic loads, though most applications are for seismic retrofitting schemes and cyclic shear loading generally results in reduced load capacity due to fatigue failure. To overcome the deficit in knowledge, shear tests on various FRP anchors were carried out. For these tests, FRP anchors were installed in concrete specimens on a separating steel section. The FRP anchor was then directly loaded to determine the capacity of the isolated component. This paper describes the testing approach and procedure. Details on the experimental results for static tests are presented and an outlook on seismic tests is given.

Load-bearing capacity and characteristic forms of destruction of furniture joints made with rastex 15 and P-10 clamex fasteners

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
PIOTR POHL
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Angular Deflection ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Rigidity Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship

Load-bearing capacity and characteristic forms of destruction of furniture joints made with rastex 15 and P-10 clamex fasteners. The study tested the relationship between the load and angular deflection in furniture joints. The tests were carried out for two types of fasteners and five types of materials: chipboard, MDF, hardwood plywood, glued pine boards and glued oak boards. The furniture joint samples contained two fasteners preloaded only with a bending moment (without application of shear forces). The results were converted per single fastener specifying: its maximal load capacity, 50 mrad (2.9°) limit deflection and rigidity coefficient. It was found that rigidity is a better structural property of the tested joint types than their load capacity. As far as rigidity is concerned, the most durable is the combination of oak glued board – rastex 15 fastener (13.2 Nm bending moment per fastener), while the least durable combination is chipboard – clamex P-10 fastener (4.8 Nm bending moment per fastener). Photographic documentation of damaged furniture joint samples was prepared and analysed. In case of chipboard and MDF combinations (where the load is determined by the combined material), the combined boards suffer a disastrous damage, while in combinations of plywood boards and pine or oak glued boards, (where the capacity is determined by the fastener), both clamex P10 and rastex 15 fasteners are damaged.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Geocell Changes on Slope Stability in Unsaturated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Behnam Mehdipour ◽  
Hamid Hashemolhosseini ◽  
Bahram Nadi ◽  
Masoud Mirmohamadsadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Basic Model

The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance and efficiency of reinforced slope in the stability of geocell layers in unsaturated soil conditions. Slope reinforced with geocell acts like a beam in the soil due to the geocell having a height (three-dimensional). Due to its flexural properties, it has moment of inertia as well as bending strength, which reduces the displacement and increases the safety factor of the slope. Taking into consideration unsaturated conditions of soil contributes a lot to making results close to reality. One of the well-known models among elastoplastic models for modeling unsaturated soils is Barcelona Basic Model, which has been added to the FLAC2D software by codification. Changes in thickness, length and number of geocell layers are remarkably effective on slope stability. The results show that the geocell's reinforcing efficiency depends on the number of layers and depth of its placement. As the depth of the geocell's first layer increases, the lateral and vertical side elevation of the upper part of the slope increases with respect to the elevation. Load capacity increases with increasing geocell length. By increasing the length of the geocell layer, the joint strength, the mobilized tensile strength, and the bending moment are increased. At u/H = 0.2, an increase in the bending momentum of about 20% occurs with increasing geocell thickness. In u/H = 1, the increase in bending momentum is 10.4%. In addition, by increasing the thickness of the geocell, the Value of moment of the inertia increases and, as a result, the amount of geocell reinforcement bending moment increases.

Load capacity of corroded welded hollow spherical joints subjected to bending moment and axial force

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Zhao ◽  
Bing Liang ◽  
Haiqing Liu ◽  
Lina Xian
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment

Numerical Simulation of 3-D Fracture Behaviors on the FRP-Strengthened Concrete Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xia Zhang ◽  
Chun An Tang ◽  
Xing Jie Hui ◽  
Wan Cheng Zhu ◽  
Zheng Zhao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Interfacial Debonding ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Frp Sheet

A numerical code RFPA3D (Realistic Failure Process Analysis) is used to simulate the crack initiation and propagation in FRP-strengthened concrete beam under external loading. In our model, the FRP-strengthened concrete is assumed to be a three-phase composite composed of concrete, FRP, and interface between them. The displacement-controlled loading scheme is used to simulate the complete failure process of FRP-strengthened concrete the numerical simulation of failure process of the specimens. It is found that the main failure mode is the interfacial debonding and the interfacial debonding may propagate either within the adhesive layer or through concrete layer in the vicinity of bond interface. The simulation results agree well with the experiment observations. The width of the FRP sheet is considered an important factor not only to significantly influence the debonding propagation type and crack distribution but also to control the ultimate load-capacity and ultimate strain. This study is focused on the failure process of the FRP-strengthened concrete beam and the effects of the width of FRP sheet on the failure mode and on the structural load-carrying capacity of concrete structures.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Impact of Thermal Spray Insulation Solutions on Floor Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szymczak-Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Elastic Substrate ◽  
Floor Slab ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the effect of considering the substrate under the floor—insulation in the form of closed-cell polyurethane spray foam, which is used for insulating surfaces particularly exposed to mechanical impact. The layer of thermal insulation was made by spraying, which prevents the occurrence of thermal bridges due to tight filling of the insulated space. It seems extremely important to adopt the appropriate material characteristics of an insulating layer. The basic thermophysical properties of polyurethane foam justifying its choice as an insulation material were the values of its thermal conductivity coefficient (0.022 W/(mK)) and density (36 kg/m3). However, what was the most important for the calculations provided in the work was to determine the stiffness of the foam subgrade so as to assess its impact on the floor load capacity. The paper includes calculations for a floor slab characterized by a static diagram, with all edges free (unfixed), loaded in strips circumferentially. The reinforced concrete slab was 6 × 6 m long, 0.25 m thick, and made of C20/25 concrete resting on an elastic substrate. Calculations were made for two variants taking into consideration two values of subgrade stiffness. The first variant concerned the subgrade stiffness for sprayed polyurethane foam insulation. On the basis of laboratory tests in situ made according to the standard procedure, its average value was assumed as K = 32,000 kN/m3. The second, comparative, computational variant included the subgrade stiffness equal to K = 50,000 kN/m3. A variation approach to the finite difference method was used for static calculations, adopting the condition for the minimum energy of elastic deformation while undergoing bending that was accumulated in the slab resting on a Winkler elastic substrate. Static calculations resulted in obtaining the values of deflections at each point of the discretization grid adopted for the slab. The obtained results have proved the necessity of calculating the floor as a layer element. For the reference substrate with the subgrade stiffness K = 50,000 kN/m3 that was adopted in the work, the value of the bending moment was 17% lower than when taking into account that there was thermal insulation under the floor slab, causing an increase in the deflection of the slab and an increase in its bending moment. If a design does not include the actual subgrade stiffness of the layer under the floor slab, it results in an understatement of the values of the bending moments on the basis of which the slab reinforcement is designed. Adherence of insufficient concrete slab reinforcement may cause subsequent damage to floor slabs.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Panjang dan Diameter Stud terhadap Keruntuhan Geser Struktur Komposit Baja-Beton

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Rahma Nindya Ayu Hapsari ◽  
Ilham Nurhuda ◽  
Nuroji Nuroji
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Shear Connector ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Stud Shear Connector ◽  
Push Out

Composite structures of concrete slabs and steel beams require shear connectors to transfer shear force between steel beams and concrete slabs. The strength of stud shear connector specified on SNI 03-1729-2013 only considers the effect of stud diameter, however the length of a stud may influence its behavior and strength. This research observes the effects of length and diameter (𝓁/𝒹) of shear connectors on the strength. This research was conducted using the push out method explain in AS-4347- Part I. The test specimens observed in this research were concrete and steel composites, composing IWF 350x175x11x14 mm and concrete blocks of size 450x225x160 mm. The studs were made of steel reinforcements with diameter (𝒹) of 10, 16 and 22 mm, were welded on IWF with 5 mm weld thickness. The length of studs for each stud diameter were 4d, 5d, and 6d. The results indicate that the increase in stud diameter will increase the load capacity of stud. The length of studs effect its load capacity. A slim stud experiences large bending moment at the base of the shear connector. The results show that the highest value of load capacity is measured at specimens with 𝓁/𝒹 ratio of 5.

Strength comparative analysis of furniture joints made of various materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
Agnieszka Kwapich ◽  
Piotr Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Joint Rigidity

The strength comparative analysis of furniture joints made of various materials. The influence of the load on the angular deformation of the furniture joint samples made of various materials was studied. The tests were carried out for six types of furniture materials: chipboard, MDF, hardwood plywood, glued pine wood, glued oak wood and HPL and for three types of fasteners with different ways of fixing in connected elements: shape-thread, expansion-expansion and expansion-thread way of anchoring in material of boards. The joint samples were loaded with a bending moment only (without inducing transverse loadings). The maximum load capacity and load capacity at the 3° (0.052 rad) sample rotation was measured and then the stiffness coefficients were calculated. Considerable differences were found between HPL and others lignocellulosic materials. Expansion fasteners offer incredibly low joint rigidity. This was observed for all tested furniture materials, from soft (chipboard) to very hard (HPL). Expansion connectors work better in soft lignocellulosic materials than in hard materials. The main advantage of expansion fasteners, in comparison to shape-thread fasteners, is its low visibility in the joint and the technological ease of assembly. On the other hand, thread-shaped connectors offer much greater strength and stiffness of joints.

Analytical Limit Loads for Tube Sections With Circumferential Degradation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Reinhardt ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Tubes And Pipes ◽  
Limit Loads ◽  
Plastic Limit Load ◽  
Analytical Limit

The fracture mechanics evaluation of tubes and pipes with circumferential degradation typically requires that the plastic limit load capacity be evaluated under a combination of axial force and bending moment loading. Most available analytical solutions are thin-wall approximations and may not work well for heavy-wall applications. The present paper derives an analytical limit load for a cylindrical pipe or tube with a partial circumferential, partial through-wall flaw and its bounding cases (through wall partial circumferential and uniform circumferential part-throughwall flaw). The solution is not in closed form, but can be easily solved with available mathematical software like MathCAD. The obtained limit loads for a steam generator tube are compared to those from simplified analytical solutions. The effect of tube supports on the limit load of a tube with non-axisymmetric flaw is discussed with a simplified model.

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