scholarly journals A comparison of inhibitor treatment systems for controlling superficial scald on four apple cultivars

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ingle ◽  
Mervyn Christopher D'Souza ◽  
J. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

scholarly journals Expression of Alpha-farnesene Synthase Gene AFS1 in Relation to Levels of Farnesene and Conjugated Trienols in Peel Tissue of Scald-susceptible `Law Rome' and Scald-resistant `Idared' Apple fruit

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 782B-782
Author(s):  
Steven W. Pechous ◽  
Bruce D. Whitaker* ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Fruit of different apple cultivars vary widely in susceptibility to superficial scald. The genetic and biochemical factors involved in this variation are unknown. Conjugated trienol (CTol) oxidation products of alpha-farnesene have been linked with scald induction, and a high rate of farnesene synthesis in peel tissue of scald-prone apples early in storage is often associated with development of the disorder. Pre-storage treatment of apple fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) inhibits the early burst of farnesene production and prevents scald, suggesting that ethylene induces transcription of genes involved in farnesene synthesis. We recently cloned a gene from apple peel tissue, AFS1, which encodes alpha-farnesene synthase, the last enzyme in the farnesene biosynthetic pathway. In this study, expression of AFS1 was compared in scaldsusceptible Law Rome (LR) and scald-resistant Idared (IR) apples at harvest and over 20 weeks of storage at 0.5 C. AFS1 transcript levels were closely correlated with accumulation of farnesene and CTols. In fruit of both cultivars, a sharp increase in AFS1 mRNA during the first 4 to 8 weeks of storage preceded a proportional rise in farnesene and a subsequent increase in CTols. However, maximum levels of AFS1 transcript, farnesene, and CTols were, respectively, 2.5-, 4-, and 33-fold greater in LR than in IR apples. Treatment of fruit with 1-MCP at harvest suppressed the increases in AFS1 transcript and farnesene early in storage, but AFS1 expression and farnesene synthesis recovered in LR fruit after 20 weeks. Scald incidence in LR apples after 20 weeks at 0.5 °C plus 1 week at 20 °C averaged 86%, whereas IR fruit had no scald. 1-MCP treatment reduced scald incidence in LR to <1%.

scholarly journals COMMODITY EVALUATION OF APPLES TREATED WITH 1–METHYLCYCLOPROPENE AFTER HARVEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
O. V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Fruits

The thesis being presented is study on marketable quality of early winter apple fruits cultivars ‘Calville’ and ‘Spartan’ during refrigerated storage under the condition of their post-harvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The suppression of apple’s ripening after harvest is necessary to reduce the losses of marketable fruit quality during storage and receive a high economic effect from the sale of product. SmartFresh technology, based on inhibition of ethylene due to the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), use to improve the quality of the majority of apple’s cultivars. The post–harvest application of 1-MCP effectively restrains the development of physiological disorders such as superficial scald and fruit rot, but sometimes may increase susceptibility to flesh browning, especially stored during 6 or more months. Research objects were early-winter apple cultivars ‘Calville’ and ‘Spartan’, treated after harvest with 1-MCP (‘SmartFreshTM’ 0,068 g·m-3) for 24 h at 5 °C, during storage at 3±1 °C and relative humidity 85–90 % for two, three, four, five and six months (non-treated fruits – control). The value of weight loss, superficial scald, fruit rot and core browning damage carried by weighing of respective factions of fruits. Data are means of three replicates and expressed as a percentage of fruit’s weight before storage. There was a significant increase in more than two times, compared to the control, the yield of standard products and, in particular, higher and first grades of 1-MCP treated fruits after six months of storage in combination with a significant decrease in technical defect, which has a decisive impact on expected proceeds and the level of profitability of storage. The weight losses of both early-winter apple cultivars increased during storage with not-substantial difference between the both treated with 1-MCP and control fruits. During storage standard product fraction of 1-MCP treated fruits both cultivars decreased quadratically with high correlation coefficients. After six months of storage control apples cv. ‘Calville’ had most fruits with superficial scald, core browning and rot, and cv. ‘Spartan’ – with core browning and rot, while the damage product of 1-MCP treated apples consisted mainly of rotting fruits. Consequently, post-harvest treatment of apple fruits with ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP increased the marketable quality and efficiency of the storing of early–winter apple cultivars ‘Calville’ and ‘Spartan’, reducing the intensity of physiological disorder’s and rot’s damage.

scholarly journals Prestorage Heat Treatment Delays Development of Superficial Scald on `Granny Smith' Apples

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lurie ◽  
Joshua D. Klein ◽  
Ruth Ben Arie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Conjugated Trienes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Term Storage

A prestorage heat treatment of 38C for 4 days applied to `Granny Smith' apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) before regular air storage at 0C inhibited the development of superficial scald. Heat-treated apples stored for 3 months had superficial scald levels similar to diphenylamine (DPA)-dipped apples, while all nontreated control apples had scald. After 5 or 6 months of storage, this inhibition of scald development by prestorage heat treatment declined. The prestorage heat treatment inhibited the accumulation of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes in apple cuticle during storage, while DPA inhibited only α-farnesene oxidation. This treatment may be a substitute for chemical treatments against scald not only for short-term storage of `Granny Smith' but possibly also for other scald-susceptible apple cultivars.

Dysregulated expression of histone deacetylases in medulloblastoma - potential targets for selective inhibitor treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ecker ◽  
I Oehme ◽  
A Schomburg ◽  
R Mazitschek ◽  
A Korshunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

RESULTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN BREEDERS OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF NEW GENERATION APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
L. I. Dutova ◽  
Е. V. Ulianovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
New Generation

The experience in cooperation of breeders of different institutions in creating cultivars is shown. It is not always when the breeding institution has the necessary initial forms for selection. In this regard, there is a need to conduct separate stages of selection in different breeding institutions. For this purpose, a provision on authorship and continuity in the integrated work of several institutions in fruit breeding has been developed (Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Annex. – Orel, 1995. – pp. 492-498). Breeding work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking can serve as a positive experience of creating new apple cultivars by two institutions. As a result of the joint work of these two institutions, 22 apple cultivars have been created, of which 9 have already been included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned), including three cultivars for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia – Aleksandr Boiko, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas and six cultivars for the conditions of the North Caucasus – Vasilisa, Karmen, Margo, Orfey, Soyuz and Talisman. Brief economical and biological characteristics of these cultivars are given in this paper. The obtained practical results indicate that in some cases, when creating modern cultivars that meet the requirements of production, it is necessary to use the knowledge of breeders, the source material and equipment of different breeding institutions, and carry out separate stages of the selection process in different institutions.

NEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT AND BERRIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURAL FOOD PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
N. S. Levgerova ◽  
Е. S. Salina ◽  
I. А. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Processed Products

The results of the technological assessment of new apple, cherry, black currant, red currant and gooseberry cultivars of VNIISPK breeding for the suitability for the natural food production are given. As a result, the cultivars that are promising for cultivation in raw plantings have been selected. For the production of raw materials in the juice industry, apple cultivars with a high juice yield and content of soluble solids higher than 10.0% were selected: ‘Bolotovskoye’ (Vf), ‘Candil Orlovsky’ (Vf), ‘Osipovskoye’ (3x), ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ ((Vf + 3x), ‘Zaryanka’ (Vm), ‘Priokskoye’ ((Vf + Co), etc. Based on the long-term study of cultivars for their suitability for compote, jam and jelly, the cultivars that are most suitable for these types of processing are identified. It has been found that taking into account the daily needs of vitamins C and P as the most important antioxidants, all processed products from black currant can serve as their sources, all processed products from cherries, as well as apple juice and gooseberry marmalade can serve as a source of P-active compounds. All columnar apple cultivars as well as ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Imrus’, etc. show high suitability for the production of apple chips. Cherry cultivars ‘Rovesnitsa’, ‘Putinka’, ‘Podarok Uchitelyam’ and ‘Novella’ are suitable for dried fruit. Based on the long-term studies of the technological qualities of the VNIISPK gene pool, a new generation assortment has been formed that has an optimal combination of chemical and technological indicators of fruits that meet modern technological requirements and are suitable for cultivation in the raw plantations of Central Russia.

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