scholarly journals ESG and bank regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-385
Author(s):  
Gábor Gyura
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bank Regulation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Bank Supervision ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
Management Expectations ◽  
Made In

The evaluation of data based on environmental, social sustainability and respon-sible corporate governance-related factors (together: ESG), and the assessment of companies and of investments made in them on this basis, has hitherto es-sentially taken place within a market-based evaluative framework developing in an entirely evolutive manner. However, ESG has gained so much importance on capital markets in recent years that the voices calling for some of its aspects to be regulated anyway have grown increasingly louder. This is particularly the case in the banking sector, where – contrary to asset man-agement – ESG has seldom been in the spotlight thus far. As a reaction to this, the ESG approach is set to gradually materialise within EU bank regulation in the coming years, primarily in the context of risk management expectations and re-porting requirements, as well as in bank supervision. The new rules may present a significant challenge on less developed markets, and thus for Hungarian banks, principally in the area of data collection. Compliance will nevertheless have the positive benefit of enabling credit institutions to gain a more accurate picture of how sustainably their clients operate, and how resistant they are to climate change and other megatrends, as well as to the related sweeping and profound economic, social and regulatory changes.

scholarly journals Appropriateness of antibiotics for medical prophylaxis: evaluation of data from the Italian PPS-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cremona ◽  
J Garlasco ◽  
I Gintoli ◽  
A D'Ambrosio ◽  
F Quattrocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Antibiotics (AB) are administered for medical prophylaxis (MP) to prevent infectious complications. The second national point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and AB use was conducted in Italy in 2016-2017. The survey found MP accounted for nearly 25% of all registered ABs, more than twice the EU/EEA proportion. The aim of this study was to evaluate how many ABs were administered for MP and how frequently general indications were followed. Methods Data from the PPS were used to evaluate the prevalence of indications for MP over the total number of ABs, the proportion - among these indications - of those justified by a motivation in the patients' charts, and the prevalence of ABs considered appropriate for MP. The evaluation was made in 12 hospitals out of 14 participating in the PPS in Piedmont, chosen on the basis of patient traceability. According to national guidelines, the indications for MP that were considered appropriate in this study were: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for P. carinii pneumonia, Rifaximin for diverticulitis, Penicillin for Streptococcal infections and for splenectomized patients, and Rifampin for TB infections. Results 1844 AB prescriptions were registered among 1334 traceable inpatients in Piedmont. The prevalence of indications for MP was 16.2% and 253 ABs (84.6%) were prescribed with a motivation. Only 3% of ABs registered as MP were appropriate for this indication: Bactrim 2%, Rifaximin 0.3%, Penicillin 0.2% and Rifampin 0.4%. Conclusions This study found an extremely high rate of inappropriate ABs for MP, that will be further investigated through qualitative analysis of medical records to evaluate whether a misunderstanding of the PPS protocol occurred and empirical therapy was confused with MP. Nevertheless, this study highlighted the need for interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP. Key messages This study found that only 2.98% of ABs registered as MP among traceable patients in Piedmont were appropriate for this indication. 15.38% of prescriptions for MP were not justified by a motivation. Interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP could lead to a considerable reduction in inappropriate use of ABs, which is crucial in a country facing hyperendemic levels of AMR.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Bank Spreads and Financial Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reint Gropp ◽  
Christoffer Kok ◽  
Jung-Duk Lichtenberger
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Interest Rate Derivatives ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Bank Spreads ◽  
Effectiveness Of Monetary Policy

This paper investigates the effect of within banking sector competition and competition from financial markets on the dynamics of the transmission from monetary policy rates to retail bank interest rates in the euro area. We use a new dataset that permits analysis for disaggregated bank products. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we test whether development of financial markets and financial innovation speed up the pass through. We find that more developed markets for equity and corporate bonds result in a faster pass-through for those retail bank products directly competing with these markets. More developed markets for securitized assets and for interest rate derivatives also speed up the transmission. Further, we find relatively strong effects of competition within the banking sector across two different measures of competition. Overall, the evidence supports the idea that developed financial markets and competitive banking systems increase the effectiveness of monetary policy.

China’s shadow banking sector: beneficial or harmful to economic growth?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Barth ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Pei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Made In

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine recent developments pertaining to China’s shadow banking sector. Shadow banking has the potential not only to be a beneficial contributor to continued economic growth, but also to contribute to systematic instability if not properly monitored and regulated. An assessment is made in this paper as to whether shadow banking is beneficial or harmful to China’s economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – The authors start with providing an overview of shadow banking from a global perspective, with information on its recent growth and importance in selected countries. The authors then focus directly on China’s shadow banking sector, with information on the various entities and activities that comprise the sector. Specifically, the authors examine the interconnections between shadow banking and regular banking in China and the growth in shadow banking to overall economic growth, the growth in the money supply and the growth in commercial bank assets. Findings – Despite the wide range in the estimates, the trend in the size of shadow banking in China has been upward over the examined period. There are significant interconnections between the shadow banking sector and the commercial banking sector. Low deposit rate and high reserve requirement ratios have been the major factors driving its growth. Shadow banking has been a contributor, along with money growth, to economic growth. Practical implications – The authors argue that shadow banking may prove useful by diversifying China’s financial sector and providing greater investments and savings opportunities to consumers and businesses throughout the country, if the risks of shadow banking are adequately monitored and controlled. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the few to systematically evaluate the influence of shadow banking on China’s economic growth.

Central bank digital currency: the future of institutional changes in the banking sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Volodymyr MISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
Svitlana NAUMENKOVA ◽  
Svitlana MISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Bank Supervision ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Financial Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and features of the introduction of digital currency of central banks and their impact on the conditions of monetary policy, financial stability, as well as institutional transformations in the development of national banking systems. The study is based on an analysis of projects of issuance and use of digital currencies of the ECB and central banks of leading countries, as well as the results of pilot projects of the National Bank of China on the use of the digital yuan and NBU on the e-hryvnia circulation. It is proved that digital currency of the central bank should be considered as a new dematerialized form of national currency in addition to cash and non-cash forms. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of the use of digital currency by central banks on the main parameters of economic policy. The main directions of potential influence of digital currency use on transformation of mechanisms of realization of monetary, budgetary and tax, macroprudential policy, maintenance of financial stability, activization of action of channels of the monetary transmission mechanism, and also on reforming of system of the state financial monitoring and bank supervision are substantiated. It is determined that one of the consequences of the use of digital currency will be the ability to ensure full control over all monetary transactions, which will help reduce the shadow economy and corruption. Structural and logical schemes of centralized and decentralized models of issuance and circulation of digital currency of central bank have been developed, directions of changes in the structure and functions of commercial and central banks, as well as in the structure of the financial and credit system in general have been substantiated.

scholarly journals Cleaning up Third World Debt Without Getting Taken to the Cleaners

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bulow ◽  
Kenneth Rogoff
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
International Debt ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Loan Guarantees ◽  
Third World Debt ◽  
Made In

Should taxpayers of wealthy countries finance a leveraged buyout of third world debt? The case for establishing an international debt discount facility rests on the belief that the overhang of foreign commercial bank debt is stifling growth in the Highly Indebted Countries, and that coordination problems among private sector banks are blocking efficiency-enhancing debt reduction schemes. Thus there is scope for a multilateral government agency to step in, buy up the debts, and pass on the efficiency gains to struggling debtors. Our contention is that a debt discount facility would in fact be a black hole for aid funds, and would yield only minimal efficiency benefits. Our assessment of the debt crisis suggests a very different approach. Development aid should be divorced from debt negotiations and instead should be tied to countries' performance in areas such as environmental policy, drug interdiction, and population control. Future aid allocations should not be disguised as loan guarantees, and the massive bond obligations of existing multilateral lenders ought to be placed on the books. Finally, we recommend reversing a number of legal and regulatory changes made in the 1970s that served to encourage the loans in the first place.

An evolutionary perspective on the British banking crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Marshall ◽  
Stuart Dawley ◽  
Andy Pike ◽  
Jane Pollard ◽  
Mike Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Developing an evolutionary perspective towards the changing anatomy of the banking sector reveals the enduring tensions and contradictions between spatial centralisation and the possibilities for decentralisation before, during and after the British banking crisis. The shift from banking boom to crisis in 2007 is conceptualised as a significant and on-going moment in the long-term evolution of the historical institutional–spatial dominance of London over other city-regions in Britain. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the institutional and geographical legacies of the British national political economy and variegation of capitalism established in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in shaping contemporary geographical outcomes. Regulatory changes combined with financial innovation in the latter years of the twentieth century to create an opportunity for English regional and Scottish banks excluded from previous institutional–spatial centralisation to expand excessively and consequently several failed in the banking crisis. The paper considers the future trajectory of institutional–spatial centralisation in the banking sector amidst the continued spatial restructuring of the banking crisis, involving a re-drawing of organisational boundaries, overlapping institutional and technological changes and unprecedented uncertainty about the impact of Brexit on Britain’s wider political and economic landscape.

Economic Development and Its Impact on Turkish Banking Sector

2015 ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
Hatice İpek ◽  
Özlem Olgu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Currency Crisis ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Imf

This chapter aims to understand the impact of major macroeconomic and regulatory changes on the Turkish banking sector. The authors specifically focus on the financial liberalization program of 1980s, inherent banking problems of 1990s, the 1994 currency crisis, the IMF stabilization program, the 2000-2001 financial crises, and the banking sector restructuring program of May 2001.

Applying lessons learnt from deficiencies in the basel accords to Solvency II

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Johann Jacobs ◽  
Gary Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Basel Accords ◽  
Made In

Solvency II is the new European Union (EU) legislation that will review the capital adequacy regime for the insurance industry. Considerable progress has been made in the banking sector with the implementation of the Basel Accords (Basel). The implementation of Solvency II, therefore, brings with it an opportunity for the insurance industry to assess the successes, weaknesses and shortcomings experienced by the banking sector's implementation of Basel so as to learn from them and ensure that Solvency II's implementation duplicates the successes and avoids the failures of Basel's. This article critically explores weaknesses and failures of Basel which were exacerbated and/or exploited by the financial crisis of 2007-2010 and provides advice on how these might be mitigated or avoided in the implementation of Solvency II.

scholarly journals Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Banking Profitabilty

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Lutfullah Lutf ◽  
Hafizullah Omarkhil
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Interest Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This study comparatively focuses on the impact of macroeconomic determinants and the internal indicators on bank performance. It comparatively evaluates the differential effects of macroeconomic variables and bank specific variables. Thus, considering five-five banks from each system, a comparative performance investigation between conventional & Islamic banks is the aim of this paper. To determine the short-run and long-run impact of these factors, co-integration & general to specific approach are adopted. This study also considers bank specific and macroeconomic variables in two separate models (Return on Assets and Return on Equity). Our objective is to find whether or not Islamic banks are performing well in the country as compared to their conventional counterparts. The results indicate that in the long run, Gross Domestic Product, and inflation, is positively related to performance, while Interest rate has no effect on the performance of banking sector in Pakistan. Similarly, bank size, capital adequacy, expenses, interest income and non-interest income are the bank related factors that significantly influence the performance of financial sector.

Challenges Faced in Full Establishment of Islamic Banking System in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Idris
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Opportunity ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Infant Stage ◽  
Made In

Islamic banking in Nigeria is still at its infant stage and surrounded by a lot of challenges and set bank. It is important to note that despite the huge number of Muslims population in the country, little progress has been made in ensuring its full take off and operationalization. The paper there examines the challenges Islamic banking is faced with in Nigeria. Through review of past studies, the paper the paper identify factors like; Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Double taxation and others as the major challenges of Islamic banking in Nigeria. However the paper, the paper recommends that Islamic banking and finance in Nigeria offers a huge investment opportunity for both domestic and foreign investors what is most needed to achieve this, is for all stakeholders to collaborate in a way that a structured, functional and sustainable Islamic banking model will be formulated and communicated widely so as to gain general acceptability. Furthermore, the paper will serve as a guide to investors by pointing the problems the Islamic banking sector is facing in Nigeria.

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