scholarly journals Could We Stop Killing?—Exploring a Post-Lethal Vegan or Vegetarian Agriculture

World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Stefan Mann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

This paper explores both the necessities and the options for an agricultural system in which no animals are killed by reviewing existing literature. It first identifies a causal chain which can be labelled as vegan wave and which might generate a consensus that animals should not be killed for human consumption. By raising issues of nutrient supply, grassland management and beekeeping, the paper shows that vegan-organic agriculture, vegan-conventional agriculture and post-lethal vegetarian agriculture are three options for such a pathway. Yet, many technical and socioeconomic questions still need to be resolved.

Physiochemical Analysis of Sandalwood (Santalum Album) Leaf Litters Degraded by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Praveesh Bhati ◽  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Eudrilus Eugenia ◽  
Set Up

The decay of leaf litter by microflora and fauna furnish nutrient supply to the soil and also uphold ecological sustainability. Applying of proper technique and exploring of result provides information for the betterment of agricultural system. Vermicomposting of Sandalwood (Santalum album) leaf litters were studied with an emphasis of physio-chemical deviation during the process and also compared with 100 % cattle dung. Obtained result explore that temperate of 50 % leaf litter (LL) and 100 % cattle dung (CD) was slightly elevated (37ºC ±1 ºC and 35ºC ±1 ºC respectively) at beginning phase and later came down to ambient level (20ºC±1 ºC). The total organic carbon (TOC) exhausted 44 % in 50 % LL Vermicomposting mixture while 70 % in 100 % CD during the process. At the final stage, TOC found more in 50% LL as compared to 100% CD. Nitrogen content was found 1.02±0.1 in 50 % LL and 0.88±0.1 in 100 % CD at the initial phase but after completion of Vermicomposting, their level was increased up to 40 to 44 %.  pH was also measured during vermicomposting and found 7.2±0.1 in 50% LL while 8.4±0.1 in 100% CD at the initial phase. The at the end of process pH raised and set up to 8.2 ±0.1 in 50% LL while in 100% CD it was found 8.0 ±0.1.

scholarly journals Erratum to: The implications of phasing out conventional nutrient supply in organic agriculture: Denmark as a case

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
Myles Oelofse ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Jakob Magid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Supply

scholarly journals Benefits of Organic Agriculture under the Perspective of the Bioeconomy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6852
Author(s):  
Camila Fritzen Cidón ◽  
Paola Schmitt Figueiró ◽  
Dusan Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Global Growth

The opportunities for the global growth of the bioeconomy (BE) are generated by the need to expand the food supply for an increasing world population without compromising the environment even further. Organic agriculture (OA) claims to be more environmentally friendly than conventional agriculture and capable of addressing sustainable development objectives by using green technologies, resulting in economic, social, and ecological benefits. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between OA and BE through a systematic literature review. We addressed the benefits of OA under perspective of the main aspects of BE. As demonstrated by previous papers assessed on this review, OA can be a means to facilitate strategies for the use of renewable resources to mitigate the emergencies arising from global warming, as claimed by the BE concept. This article introduces a necessary discussion due the lack of previous studies reporting the capacity of OA to connect with the BE. As a final contribution, we present a conceptual framework characterizing potential benefits of OA under the perspective of BE, for organic farmers and researchers to advance in sustainability and green innovation.

scholarly journals Customer Preferences for Organic Agriculture Produce in the Czech Republic: 2016 and 2019

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Martina Zámková ◽  
Stanislav Rojík ◽  
Ladislav Pilař ◽  
Martina Chalupová ◽  
Martin Prokop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Favourable Change ◽  
Customer Attitude

The article analyses the customer attitude towards the qualities and benefits of organic agriculture production for farmers and customers in the Czech Republic, comparing the situation in 2016 and 2019. More than 2500 respondents were subject to the marketing research in the years 2016 and 2019. The data were processed using correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The research study shows that the number of respondents who consider organic food is growing; at the same time, there is a rather large share of consumers who believe organic food to be of better quality. The results show a favourable change in the popularity of organic food. While, in 2016, the main decisive factor in shopping for organic food was its price, in 2019, the main criterion, for the respondents, was quality, with the criterion of price being complemented by the perception of organic food as healthier than conventional food. At the same time, it was established that, the amount spent on organic food in 2019 was higher than that in 2016. This finding was in positive correlation with the increase in respondents’ income. For farmers, organic farming is a promising alternative to conventional agriculture due to a rising demand for organic produce.

scholarly journals Differential local genetic adaptation to pesticide use in organic and conventional agriculture in an aquatic non-target species

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1963) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela A. Almeida ◽  
Pieter Lemmens ◽  
Luc De Meester ◽  
Kristien I. Brans
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Pesticide application is an important stressor to non-target species and can profoundly affect ecosystem functioning. Debates continue on the choice of agricultural practices regarding their environmental impact, and organic farming is considered less detrimental compared to conventional practices. Nevertheless, comparative studies on the impacts of both agricultural approaches on the genetic adaptation of non-target species are lacking. We assessed to what extent organic and conventional agriculture elicit local genetic adaptation of populations of a non-target aquatic species, Daphnia magna . We tested for genetic differences in sensitivity of different D. magna populations ( n = 7), originating from ponds surrounded by conventional and organic agriculture as well as nature reserves, to pesticides used either in conventional (chlorpyrifos) or organic agriculture (deltamethrin and copper sulfate). The results indicate that D. magna populations differentially adapt to local pesticide use. Populations show increased resistance to chlorpyrifos as the percentage of conventional agriculture in the surrounding landscape increases, whereas populations from organic agriculture sites are more resistant to deltamethrin. While organic agriculture is considered less harmful for non-target species than conventional, both types of agriculture shape the evolution of pesticide resistance in non-target species in a specific manner, reflecting the differences in selection pressure.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN DESA SENTRA ORGANIC FARMING DI DESA RENDENG, GEBANG, PURWOREJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Zulfanita Zulfanita ◽  
Didik Widiyantono ◽  
Sugeng Eko Putro Widoyoko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAKKesadaran petani akan dampak dari penggunaan pupuk atau pestisida kimia dalam pertanian konvensional sangat rendah. Penurunan kualitas lingkungan seperti berkurangnya serangga, penurunan kesuburan tanah, penurunan kualitas air, udara dan polusi tanah disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan kimia dalam pertanian konvensional. Salah satu yang dapat dijadikan solusi untuk mengatasi kondisi ini adalah pengembangan pertanian organik (organic farming). Program Pengabdian Masyarakat dilaksanakan di desa Rendeng, kecamatan Gebang, kabupaten Purworejo bertujuan untuk menjadikan desa Rendeng sebagai kawasan pertanian, peternakan dan perikanan berbasis organic farming. Mitra dalam pelaksanan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah kelompok tani Ngudi Makmur dengan anggota 30 orang.  Metode yang digunakan adalah Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD) merupakan salah satu metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berorientasi pada penyelesaian masalah pada lingkungan masyarakat. Metode EfSD menekankan pada 3 pilar yaitu ekonomi, ekologi atau lingkungan dan sosial. Program kegiatan yang dilaksanakan secara garis besar meliputi, 1) pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penguatan kelembagaan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia,2) Penumbuhan dan pengembangan budidaya pertanian, dan perikanan berbasis organic farming, 3) peningkatan produksi, pengolahan dan pemasaran hasil pertanian dan perikanan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penguatan kelembagaan Kelompok Tani  Ngudi Makmur beraktifitas dengan aktif, adanya program kegiatan dan sosialisasi serta pelatihan serta pembinaan         pengetahuan dan pengalaman  kelompok  tani dalam pengembangan pertanian dan perikanan organik. Kata kunci : organic farming; pertanian; perikanan; education for sustainable development. ABSTRACTFarmers' awareness of the impact of using chemical fertilizers or pesticides in conventional agriculture is very low. Environmental quality degradation such as reduced DR, decreased air quality, air pollution is caused by the use of chemicals in conventional agriculture. One of the solutions to overcome this condition is the development of organic agriculture (organic farming). The Community Service Program implemented in Rendeng village, Gebang District, Purworejo Regency aims to make Rendeng village an organic agriculture-based agricultural, livestock and fishery area. Partners in implementing this community service are the Ngudi Makmur farmer group with 30 members. The method used is Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD), which is a community service method that is oriented towards solving problems in the community environment. The EfSD method emphasizes 3 pillars, namely economic, ecological or environmental and social. The program of activities carried out in outline includes, 1) community empowerment through institutional strengthening and improvement of the quality of human resources, 2) cultivation and development of agricultural and fisheries based on organic agriculture, 3) increasing production, processing and marketing of agricultural and fishery products. The results of this community service are in the form of institutional strengthening of the Ngudi Makmur Farmer Group to be actively active, the existence of a program of activities and outreach as well as training as well as fostering knowledge and experience of farmer groups in developing organic agriculture and fisheries. Keywords : organic farming; agriculture; fishery; education for sustainable development.

A Comparative Analysis of the Organic Food Market in Turkey, EU, and US

2020 ◽  
pp. 454-483
Author(s):  
Bilge Ozturk Goktuna ◽  
Nazife Merve Hamzaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Conventional agriculture has long been criticized about its negative externalities on issues like public health, environment, biodiversity, and all ecological systems on the planet such as environmental pollution, soil erosion, reduction of animal welfare, and negative impacts of GMOs. As an alternative production system to address these problems, organic agriculture has been developed worldwide since the 1970s. In this chapter, an overview of organic agriculture and food market is given and a comparative analysis between organic agricultural markets in EU, US, and Turkey is made after an outlook on the world organic food market. It is seen that EU and US are forthcoming leaders in the organic food market, whilst Turkey remains behind many developed countries in terms of organic production, per capita consumption, and retail sales.

scholarly journals The myth of organic agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pacanoski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Safe Food

Although many people are convinced of the superiority of organic agriculture in any form, there are many negative aspects that follow this type of agricultural system. The productivity of organic cropping systems is considerably lower than that of conventional or integrated systems and leads to less land being available for non-agricultural uses such as wildlife habitats, has greater negative impacts on the environment, and reduced sustainability. The absence of synthetic fertilisers or pesticides does not necessarily lead to an ability to produce healthy and safe food in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Interaction of nutrient supply and plant density in relation to maximal yield of the swede crop

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lang ◽  
J. C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
Large Populations

SUMMARYThe effects of changing plant density and nutrient supply on the yield of swedes were measured in nine experiments over 3 years. With small populations, a large nutrient supply was required to reach the maximal yield of roots, but with large plant populations the same nutrient rate depressed yield. This interaction is illustrated by a response surface, and reasons for it are discussed. The interaction is of limited importance in practice because it was small over the range of population and nutrient supply commonly used. Even with small populations, the compensation achieved by applying more fertilizer was uneconomic. On crops with large populations, such as swedes for human consumption, however, the normal recommended rate of fertilizer should not be exceeded because of loss of yield as well as increased cost. More fertilizer and greater plant density were needed to give maximal total yield (roots + tops) than of roots alone. Effects of nutrient supply and plant population on plant establishment and dry-matter content of the swedes are discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrate leaching from intensive organic farms to groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dahan ◽  
A. Babad ◽  
N. Lazarovitch ◽  
E. E. Russak ◽  
D. Kurtzman
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer

Abstract. It is commonly presumed that organic agriculture causes only minimal environmental pollution. In this study, we measured the quality of percolating water in the vadose zone, underlying both organic and conventional intensive greenhouses. Our study was conducted in newly established farms where the subsurface underlying the greenhouses has been monitored continuously from their establishment. Surprisingly, intensive organic agriculture relying on solid organic matter, such as composted manure that is implemented in the soil prior to planting as the sole fertilizer, resulted in significant down-leaching of nitrate through the vadose zone to the groundwater. On the other hand, similar intensive agriculture that implemented liquid fertilizer through drip irrigation, as commonly practiced in conventional agriculture, resulted in much lower rates of pollution of the vadose zone and groundwater. It has been shown that accurate fertilization methods that distribute the fertilizers through the irrigation system, according to plant demand, during the growing season dramatically reduce the potential for groundwater contamination from both organic and conventional greenhouses.

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