scholarly journals A Procedure to Estimate Air Conditioning Consumption of Urban Buses Related to Climate and Main Operational Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Matteo Corazza ◽  
Valentina Conti ◽  
Antonino Genovese ◽  
Fernando Ortenzi ◽  
Maria Pia Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Bus Service

Public Transport (PT) planning requires a detailed evaluation of the fleet energy consumption, usually depending on the specific characteristics of the bus service network. These include topography, climate and operational features. In this work, we focus on the additional air conditioning (AC) energy consumption, proposing a method to evaluate the extra energy consumption based not only on climate variables, but also on the PT planned service. Results are presented for a large part of the provincial capitals and regions of Italy, and clearly show that overconsumption for air conditioning are significantly affected by the daily mileage distribution, with large variance even when climatic conditions are similar. The mileage data are extracted from GTFS databases, widely available for PT applications. The developed tool allows us to apply this methodology to any urban and extra-urban area. Reference AC consumption related to climate conditions are derived from a measurement campaign hold in Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy) during September 2018, within the National Research Program on the Electric System. A discussion on how to optimize the use of climatic data is also presented, resulting in the choice to use Heat Index as unique independent variable for air conditioning energy consumption calculation. A methodology to compute the Heat Index from climatic variables for large domains as, for instance, the Italian regions, was also developed.

scholarly journals Energy and economic analysis of an auditorium’s air conditioning system with heat recovery in various climatic zones

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papakostas ◽  
Ioannis Tiganitis ◽  
Agis Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption

In many heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications, heat recovery devices are installed, aiming at reducing energy consumption. Especially in buildings requiring a high percentage of outside air for ventilation, there is a high potential for heat recovery from exhaust air. Climatic conditions are an important parameter which affects the recovered heat and the payback period of the heat recovery device. In this paper, a 250 person auditorium is used as a model to estimate the applicability of an air-to-air fixed-plate heat exchanger installed in the air handling unit of the HVAC system. The application is considered for four cities, representative of climatic zones A, B, C, D of Greece, which also represent typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Zone A, Crete and Southern Greece, is similar to Nicosia (Cyprus) and Palermo (Sicily), Zone B, with Athens, corresponds to Rome (Italy) and coastal Spain, Zone C with Thessaloniki is similar to the Toulon (France) and Split (Croatia) and Zone D, with its continental climate is more like Milan (Italy) and Lyon (France). An energy analysis with the modified bin method energy calculation was performed to calculate (a) the heating and cooling energy that can be recovered, (b) the reduction in HVAC equipment, and (c) the expected payback period. For the specific climatic conditions examined, it was proven that: heating energy consumption decreased by 31 to 40%, depending on occupancy, while electric energy consumption didn?t change notably; the payback period does not exceed 24 months, depending on climate zone and occupancy.

Applicability Research on Evaporative Cooling Technology in Hunan Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1679-1683
Author(s):  
Qin Ouyang ◽  
Guang Xiao Kou ◽  
Min Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

According to the climate conditions of Hunan province and the design parameters related to air conditioning, the energy consumption and the related characteristics of the liquid desiccant evaporative cooling system (LDECS) are compared with primary return air conditioning system. The results show that energy consumption of LDECS can be decreased by 11.78% compared to the primary return air system. LDECS has a certain degree of energy saving potential in Hunan province, especially when waste heat is available.

scholarly journals Inverse Modelling of Climate Adaptive Building Shells. System Dynamics Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Toms Mols ◽  
Andra Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Computer Based

AbstractThe paper describes the development of a computer-based inverse model for climate adaptive building shell which is in the cold climatic conditions of Latvia to determine changes in energy consumption. Types, principles of operation and classification of climate adaptive building shells (CABS) were reviewed and CABS most fitting to Latvia’s climate conditions were chosen for application in the model. Research implies that building modelling tools play an important role in the design phase. The results indicate that hourly facade adjustment can have a significant impact on GHG emissions and energy consumption reduction without compromising the comfort level. Optimization is proven to be an essential part of the inverse modelling phase, which provides the best possible option defined by the user for the characteristics that distinguish climate adaptive building shells. Inverse modelling approach allowed to determine necessary building enclosure parameters that need to be met to provide best performance.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of Novel Interior Surface Layer with Improved Thermal Characteristics and Its Effect on Hygrothermal Performance of Contemporary Building Envelopes

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Fořt ◽  
Jiří Šál ◽  
Jan Kočí ◽  
Robert Černý
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Climate Conditions

Facing the consequences of climate change and fuel price rises, the achievement of the requirements for low-energy consumption of buildings has become a challenging issue. On top of that, increased demands on indoor hygrothermal conditions usually require the utilization of additional heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to maintain a comfortable environment. On this account, several advanced and modern materials are widely investigated as a promising way for reduction of the buildings’ energy consumption including utilization of passive heating/cooling energy. However, the efficiency and suitability of passive strategies depending on several aspects including the influence of location, exterior climatic conditions, load-bearing materials used, and insulation materials applied. The main objective of this study consists of the investigation of the energy performance benefits gained by the utilization of advanced materials in plasters by computational modeling. Results obtained from a computational simulation reveal the capability of the studied passive cooling/heating methods on the moderation of indoor air quality together with the reduction of the diurnal temperature fluctuation. Achieved results disclose differences in terms of energy savings for even small variation in outdoor climate conditions. Additionally, the effectivity of passive cooling/heating alters considerably during the summer and winter periods. Based on the analysis of simulated heat fluxes, the potential energy savings related to improved thermal properties of the applied plaster layer reached up to 12.08% and thus represent an interesting passive solution towards energy sustainability to meet the criteria on modern buildings.

Energy Efficiency Design Strategies for Greenhouse in Colorado

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Chang Kwag ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

A basic principle of well designed greenhouse design emphasizes the utilization of solar energy as much as possible to grow the plants indoors during extreme outdoor climate conditions. Greenhouses can use significant amount of energy due to several factors including poor envelope design, inappropriate maintenance practices, and heavy reliance on fuel-based heating systems. In order to reduce energy consumption in the agricultural industry of Colorado, it is important to design energy efficient greenhouses under Colorado climatic conditions.

scholarly journals A climate-based model for tick life cycle: an infinite system of differential equation approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrine Chenaoui ◽  
Slimane Ben Miled ◽  
Mamadou Sadio Ndongo ◽  
Papa Ibrahima Ndiaye ◽  
Mourad Rekik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Survival And Development

AbstractThe distribution of ticks is essentially determined by the presence of climatic conditions and ecological contexts suitable for their survival and development.We have developed a general tick biology model to study the major trends due to climate change on tick population dynamics under different climate conditions.We build a model that explicitly takes into account stage into each physiological state through a system of infinite differential equations where tick population density are structured on an infinite discrete set. We suppose that intrastage development process is temperature dependent (Arrhenius temperatures function) and that larvae hatching and adult mortality are temperature and precipitations dependent.We analysed mathematically the model and have explicit the R0 of the tick population. Therefore, we performed a numerical analysis of the model under three different climate conditions (tropical, Mediterranean and subarctic climates) over the short term using climatic data from 1995 to 2005, as well as long-term simulations from 1902 to 2005.

scholarly journals Performance and Economical Analysis of Different Insulating Materials Used to Reduce the Heat Load of an Existing Residential Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Radwa Amr El-Awadly ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdel-Rehim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
System Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
June July

The energy consumption from the residential sector is an important element which has an impact on the total energy consumption in any country. The heating and air conditioning loads can be reduced through many means. Using thermal insulation in buildings does not only contribute in reducing the required air conditioning system size, but also in reducing the annual energy cost for the whole building. In this case, the energy saving varies according to the building type, the climatic conditions at which the building is located as well as the type of the insulating material used. In the present study, an existing single family house has been studied by applying two main solutions to insulate the walls and the roof using six different materials on the exterior walls that have the most heat gain, such as silica aerogel, polystyrene foam boards (XPS), spray cork, glass ceramic, cool coating enforced by phase change material (PCM), and straw boards. The study took place in El-Shorouk city, Egypt. The energy analysis was estimated by using TRNSYS simulation for the total internal house loads in summer season (June, July, and August) to be 13410 kW. The prototype house is about 300 m2 on two floors and a roof. The results showed that the aerogel has the best insulation followed by XPS then straw boards and glass ceramic which have efficiencies of 48.33%, 38.36%,36.46% and 34.38%. Because of its economical and environmental aspects, straw boards were selected to apply further investigations to indicate the relative efficiencies for the offered solution with the corresponding cost analysis.

BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF MECHE'S HOUSE: A CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cepeda Ortiz ◽  
Santiago Morales Flores ◽  
Enrique Villacis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Bioclimatic Design ◽  
Adaptive Comfort ◽  
Post Disaster

Meche's House is an alternative post-disaster construction, and this is the study of its bioclimatic approach showing that social and post-disaster buildings also need this kind of research. Tropical climate conditions lead to buildings having a high energy consumption for cooling loads. In Ecuador, the energy consumption of the residential area is 28.78% of final demand. Also, there is very little relevant information on the analysis of bioclimatic design in buildings, as well as specific analysis of interior comfort. The carried-out analysis process considered methods of bioclimatic evaluation, which mainly focuses on building the user's comfort. For this reason, in the first place, the site climatic conditions and possible passive intervention strategies were determined. Followed by the evaluation of natural ventilation with which it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of natural ventilation through simulations in Computational Fluid Dynamics program. Furthermore, thermal comfort analysis using an Energy Plus program is used for comparing the internal temperature ranges versus indoor natural ventilation. Finally, the data is discussed under an adaptive comfort and user perception of satisfaction. This research confirms the need to carry out bioclimatic evaluations of projects conceived under a good line of architectural design, since only in this way will it be possible to demonstrate that the proposed considerations and strategies have positive or negative outcomes.

scholarly journals Bin Weather Data for HVAC Systems Energy Calculations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3501
Author(s):  
Konstantinos T. Papakostas ◽  
Dimitrios Kyrou ◽  
Kyrillos Kourous ◽  
Dimitra Founda ◽  
Georgios Martinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Hourly Temperature

The increase in global air temperature is well documented, as during the last several years each decade has been consecutively warmer than the preceding. As climatic conditions affect the energy performance of buildings, the changes in outdoor air temperature and humidity will inevitably lead to significant alterations in energy consumption and costs for the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) of buildings. The availability and quality of climatic data play an important role in the accuracy of energy analysis results. In this study, the hourly temperature and relative humidity of outdoor air measurements, for a period of three decades (1983–2012), recorded at the climatic station of the National Observatory of Athens were processed, and an up-to-date set of specific data for the application of bin methods was produced and presented. The data were then used to calculate changes in the energy demands in a typical office building throughout the specified period. Results showed a progressive reduction in the low and increase in the high temperature intervals, leading to an increase in the building’s annual energy requirements for air conditioning of up to 14.5% from the first to the third decade, with decrease in the energy demands for heating and increase in the energy demands for cooling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document