scholarly journals Material Characterization and Analysis on the Effect of Vibration and Nail Penetration on Lithium Ion Battery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ajeet Babu K. Parasumanna ◽  
Ujjwala S. Karle ◽  
Mangesh R. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
A Cell

Battery packaging in a vehicle depends on the cell chemistry being used and its behavior plays an important role in the safety of the entire battery pack. Chemical degradation of various parts of a cell such as the cathode or anode is a concern as it adversely affects performance and safety. A cell in its battery pack once assembled can have two different mechanical abuse condition. One is the vibration generated from the vehicle and the second is the intrusion of external elements in case of accident. In this paper, a commercially available 32,700 lithium ion cell with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry is studied for its response to both the abuse conditions at two different states of charge (SoC). The primary aim of this study is to understand their effect on the surface morphology of the cathode and the anode. The cells are also characterized to study impedance behavior before and after being abused mechanically. The cells tested for vibration were also analyzed for dynamic stiffness. A microscopy technique such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization was carried out to study the internal resistance of the cell. It was observed that there was a drop in internal resistance and increase in the stiffness after the cells subjected to mechanical abuse. The study also revealed different morphology at the center and at the corner of the cell subjected to nail penetration at 50% SoC.

Olivine electrode engineering impact on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1656-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenquan Lu ◽  
Andrew Jansen ◽  
Dennis Dees ◽  
Gary Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Discharge Performance ◽  
Energy And Power Density

High energy and power density lithium iron phosphate was studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This work addresses the effects of porosity in a composite electrode using a four-point probe resistivity analyzer, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The four-point probe result indicates that the porosity of composite electrode affects the electronic conductivity significantly. This effect is also observed from the cell's pulse current discharge performance. Compared to the direct current (dc) methods used, the EIS data are more sensitive to electrode porosity, especially for electrodes with low porosity values.

scholarly journals Temperature Control to Reduce Capacity Mismatch in Parallel-Connected Lithium Ion Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Garg ◽  
Tanvir R. Tanim ◽  
Christopher D. Rahn ◽  
Hanna Bryngelsson ◽  
Niklas Legnedahl
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Uniform Current

Abstract The temperature and capacity of individual cells affect the current distribution in a battery pack. Non uniform current distribution among parallel-connected cells can lead to capacity imbalance and premature aging. This paper develops models that calculate the current in parallel-connected cells and predict their capacity fade. The model is validated experimentally for a nonuniform battery pack at different temperatures. The paper also proposes and validates the hypothesis that temperature control can reduce capacity mismatch in parallel-connected cells. Three Lithium Iron Phosphate cells, two cells at higher initial capacity than the third cell, are connected in parallel. The pack is cycled for 1500 Hybrid Electric Vehicles cycles with the higher capacity cells regulated at 40°C and the lower capacity cell at 20°C. As predicted by the model, the higher capacity and temperature cells age faster, reducing the capacity mismatch by 48% over the 1500 cycles. A case study shows that cooling of low capacity cells can reduce capacity mismatch and extend pack life.

scholarly journals Characteristic research on lithium iron phosphate battery of power type

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Yen-Ming Tseng ◽  
Hsi-Shan Huang ◽  
Li-Shan Chen ◽  
Jsung-Ta Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Power Type ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Current Value

In this paper, it is the research topic focus on the electrical characteristics analysis of lithium phosphate iron (LiFePO4) batteries pack of power type. LiFePO4 battery of power type has performance advantages such as high capacity, lower toxicity and pollution, operation at high temperature environment and many cycling times in charging and discharge and so on. The charging and discharging characteristics for LiFePO4 batteries of power type pack have been verified and discussed by the actual experiment. Base on the 12V10AH LiFePO4 battery was proceeding on charging and discharging test with over high current value and which investigate the parameters such as the internal resistance, the related charge and discharge characteristics of LiFePO4 battery pack, the actual value of internal voltage and internal resistance of the battery pack and by polynomial mathmatic model to approach the accury of inner resistance on discharging mode.

scholarly journals Research on the Capacity of Li-ion Battery Packer Based on Capacity Incremental Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Shuangyu Liu ◽  
Dongpei Qian ◽  
Xiao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
In Series ◽  
Battery Technology

Lithium ion battery is the most widely used and reliable power source for electric vehicles. With the development of electric vehicles, the safety, energy density, life and reliability of lithium ion batteries have been continuously improved. However, in the field of vehicle power battery technology, battery monomers are combined in series and parallel to provide enough energy, but one of the major problems faced by group batteries is the consistency between battery monomers. Taking the capacity increment curve (IC curve) of lithium iron phosphate battery as the analysis tool, it is found that the characteristic peak of IC curve of different monomers in battery pack can reflect the relationship of monomer capacity. On this basis, the mathematical model is established, and the IC curve II peak characteristic point of a single cell are used as the reference to characterize the capacity of the single cell one by one. The results show that the method can be used in the normal charging process of the battery pack, and the capacity of the single cell in the battery pack can be characterized in real time during the whole life of the battery pack. It has certain research value for the ladder utilization and accurate management of battery pack.

Effect of Niobium Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Microwave Synthesized Carbon Coated Nanolithium Iron Phosphate for High Rate Underwater Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Srinivas Kumar ◽  
T. V. S. L. Satyavani ◽  
M. Senthilkumar ◽  
P. S. V. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Niobium Doping ◽  
Carbon Coated

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) for lithium-ion batteries is considered as perfect cathode material for various military applications, especially underwater combat vehicles. For deployment at high rate applications, the low conductivity of LiFePO4 needs to be improved. Cationic substitution of niobium in the native carbon coated LiFePO4 is one of the methods to enhance the conductivity. In the present work, how the niobium doped solid solution could be formed is studied. Nanopowders of LiFePO4/C and Li1−xNbxFePO4/C (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.16) are synthesized from precursors using microwave synthesis. The solid solution formation up to (x = 0.15) Li1−xNbxFePO4/C without impurity phases is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) results. Particle distribution is obtained by scanning electron microscope from the synthesized powders. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results qualitatively confirmed the presence of niobium. Also, direct current (dc) conductivities are measured using sintered pellets and activation energies are calculated using Arrhenius equation. The dependence of conductivity and activation energy of LiFePO4/C on variation of niobium doping is investigated in this study. CR2032 type coin cells are fabricated with the synthesized materials and subjected to cyclic voltammetry studies, rate capability and cycle life studies. Diffusion coefficients are obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. It is observed that room temperature dc conductivity improved by niobium doping when compared to LiFePO4/C (0.379 × 10−2 S/cm) and is maximum for Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (40.58 × 10−2 S/cm). It is also observed that diffusion coefficient of Li+ in Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (13.306 × 10−9 cm2 s−1) improved by two orders of magnitude in comparison with the pure LiFePO4 (10 − 12 cm2 s−1) and carbon-coated nano LiFePO4/C (0.632 × 10−11 cm2 s−1). Cells with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C are able to deliver useful capacity of around 104 mAh/g at 10 C rate. More than 500 cycles are achieved with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C at 20 C rate.

scholarly journals Optimize Thermal Management And Experiment Of Lifepo4 Battery Pack For Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1922-1933
Author(s):  
Abdul Muchlis ◽  
Moh. Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) combines the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors which can be configured for improving fuel efficiency. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Phosphate based technology possesses superior thermal and chemical stability which provides better safety characteristics than those of Lithium-ion technology made with other cathode materials. This research conducted by two methods , methods of part 1 is a comparison of the results with the thermal management simulation and experiment, part 2 is a method of optimizing the thermal management for battery pack by using solidwork software. When the fan is on, the forced air flow over the cells removes some of the generated heat. Results of method part 1 is simulation more heat than experiment in the amount of  0.11% – 1.56%. The results of the method part 2 is simulated using the fan 4 fan with a speed of 415 rad/s and battery gap 30mm most efficient compared with 4 fans the other , while the simulation using 6 fan, fan speed 415 rad/s and battery gap 30mm most efficient for all.

scholarly journals The Degradation Behavior of LiFePO4/C Batteries during Long-Term Calendar Aging

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Xin Sui ◽  
Maciej Świerczyński ◽  
Remus Teodorescu ◽  
Daniel-Ioan Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Aging Models

With widespread applications for lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems, the performance degradation of the battery attracts more and more attention. Understanding the battery’s long-term aging characteristics is essential for the extension of the service lifetime of the battery and the safe operation of the system. In this paper, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries were subjected to long-term (i.e., 27–43 months) calendar aging under consideration of three stress factors (i.e., time, temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) level) impact. By means of capacity measurements and resistance calculation, the battery’s long-term degradation behaviors were tracked over time. Battery aging models were established by a simple but accurate two-step nonlinear regression approach. Based on the established model, the effect of the aging temperature and SOC level on the long-term capacity fade and internal resistance increase of the battery is analyzed. Furthermore, the storage life of the battery with respect to different stress factors is predicted. The analysis results can hopefully provide suggestions for optimizing the storage condition, thereby prolonging the lifetime of batteries.

scholarly journals Effect of Conductive Material Morphology on Spherical Lithium Iron Phosphate

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhi Wen ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
Liwei An ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Xin Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Conductive Agent ◽  
The Stability

As an integral part of a lithium-ion battery, carbonaceous conductive agents have an important impact on the performance of the battery. Carbon sources (e.g., granular Super-P and KS-15, linear carbon nanotube, layered graphene) with different morphologies were added into the battery as conductive agents, and the effects of their morphologies on the electrochemical performance and processability of spherical lithium iron phosphate were investigated. The results show that the linear carbon nanotube and layered graphene enable conductive agents to efficiently connect to the cathode materials, which contribute to improving the stability of the electrode-slurry and reducing the internal resistance of cells. The batteries using nanotubes and graphene as conductive agents showed weaker battery internal resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and low-temperature dischargeability. The battery using carbon nanotube as the conductive agent had the best overall performance with an internal resistance of 30 mΩ. The battery using a carbon nanotube as the conductive agent exhibited better low-temperature performance, whose discharge capacity at −20 °C can reach 343 mAh, corresponding to 65.0% of that at 25 °C.

Application and Performance Analysis of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery in Photoelectric Complementary System

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
Ximing Zhang ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Ruijian Wang ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Remaining Capacity

In order to make the device better capable of power supply, it is necessary to select a corresponding battery, and the lithium iron phosphate battery is favored for its excellent performance. In this study, the requirements of the lithium iron phosphate battery for optoelectronic complementary power supply system were analyzed at first, then the application of the battery in the supply system was further analyzed. Next, the structure and working principle of the battery were deeply studied, and a large number of experiments were designed to analyze the performance of the battery. It has been confirmed by a large number of experiments that the charging process of lithium iron phosphate battery is slow; the remaining capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery has a correlation with the voltage it carries. During the charging process, the internal resistance of the lithium iron phosphate battery will rapidly drop to a stable value, and the conversion of constant current charging to constant voltage charging will further reduce the internal resistance. Adjusting the battery temperature can adjust the internal capacity of the battery, that is, increasing the temperature can promote the expansion of the battery capacity to a certain extent, and lowering the temperature can impair the overall performance of the battery. In the battery AC (alternating current) impedance spectrum test, the impedance of the battery was affected by factors such as inductance, lithium ion diffusion, and internal polarization of the battery. Through the above research, the power consumption of lithium iron phosphate battery can be better understood to make better use of solar energy and provide people with stable green energy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Charging and Discharging Process of LiFePO4 Battery Pack

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4055
Author(s):  
Wiesław Madej ◽  
Andrzej Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Initial Charge

A serious issue relative to the construction of electronic devices is proper power source selection. This problem is of particular importance when we are dealing with portable devices operating in varying environmental conditions, such as military equipment. A serious problem in the construction of electronic devices is the correct selection of the power source. In these types of devices, lithium-ion batteries are commonly used nowadays, and in particular their variety—lithium iron phosphate battery—LiFePO4. Apart from the many advantages of this type of battery offers, such as high power and energy density, a high number of charge and discharge cycles, and low self-discharge. They also have a major drawback—a risk of damage due to excessive discharge or overcharge. This article studies the process of charging and discharging a battery pack composed of cells with different initial charge levels. An attempt was made to determine the risk of damage to the cells relative to the differences in the initial charge level of the battery pack cells. It was verified, whether the successive charging and discharging cycles reduce or increase the differences in the amount of energy stored in individual cells of the pack.

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