scholarly journals Integrating Stable Isotopes with Mean Residence Time Estimation to Characterize Groundwater Circulation in a Metamorphic Geothermal Field in Yilan, Taiwan

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ching-Huei Kuo ◽  
Pi-Yi Li ◽  
Jun-Yi Lin ◽  
Yi-Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

This paper presents a water circulation model by combing oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes and mean residence time (MRT) estimation in a high-temperature metamorphic geothermal field, Tuchen, in Yilan, Taiwan. A total of 18 months of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes of surface water and thermal water show the same variation pattern, heavier values in summer and lighter values in the rest of the year. A shift of δ18O with a relative constant δD indicates the slow fluid–rock interaction process in the study area. Two adjacent watersheds, the Tianguer River and Duowang River, exhibit different isotopic values and imply different recharge altitudes. The seasonal variation enabled us to use stable isotope to estimate mean residence time of groundwater in the study area. Two wells, 160 m and 2200 m deep, were used to estimate mean residence time of the groundwater. Deep circulation recharges from higher elevations, with lighter isotopic values, 5.9‰ and 64‰ of δ18O and δD, and a longer mean residence time, 1148 days, while the shallow circulation comes from another source with heavier values, 5.7‰ and 54.4‰ of δ18O and δD, and a shorter mean residence time, 150 days. A two-circulation model was established based on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of stable isotopes and the assistance of MRT. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the combined usage for further understanding water circulation of other various temperatures of metamorphic geothermalfields.

87SR/86SR, δ18O AND NOBLE GASES AS TRACERS OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION IN THE THEISTAREYKIR GEOTHERMAL FIELD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Haut-Labourdette ◽  
◽  
Daniele Pinti ◽  
André Poirier ◽  
Marion Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gases ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Precipitation and filtration of zinc, magnesium, copper and aluminium hydroxides

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3362-3370
Author(s):  
Otakar Söhnel ◽  
Eva Matějčková
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Filtration Resistance ◽  
Filtration Pressure ◽  
Bed Porosity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Filtration Properties

Filtration properties of batchwise precipitated suspensions of Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 and continuously precipitated Al(OH)3 were studied. For batchwise precipitated suspensions was verified the theoretically predicted dependence of specific filtration resistance on initial supersaturation and for the continuously precipitated Al(OH)3 the relation between the specific filtration resistance and the mean residence time of suspension in the reactor. Dependences were also recorded between the bed porosity and concentration of precipitated solutions, specific filtration resistance and used filtration pressure and the effect of aging of the batchwise precipitated suspension of Mg(OH)2on its filtration properties. The used CST method for determination of filtration characteristics of Zn(OH)2 suspension was also studied.

Nitrogen use efficiency: does a trade-off exist between the N productivity and the mean residence time within species?

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Y. Yuan ◽  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Ling H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be divided into two components, i.e. N productivity (A) and the mean residence time (MRT). Controlled experiments indicate that there is not a trade-off between A and MRT within species, but this theory has not been well tested in field conditions. Here, we studied the A, MRT and NUE of Stipa krylovii Roshev. in a grassland over 4 years of N fertilisation experimentation. The three parameters (A, MRT and NUE) were significantly related to soil N supply and there was a negative relationship between A and MRT within this species (r = –0.775, P < 0.05), i.e. plants with higher A had lower MRT. Our results showed a trade-off between A and MRT within this Stipa species and this observed trade-off was attributed to different responses of A and MRT to soil fertility.

scholarly journals Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 9281-9297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Burrows ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
P. Jöckel ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells

Abstract. Bacteria are constantly being transported through the atmosphere, which may have implications for human health, agriculture, cloud formation, and the dispersal of bacterial species. We simulate the global transport of bacteria, represented as 1 μm and 3 μm diameter spherical solid particle tracers in a general circulation model. We investigate factors influencing residence time and distribution of the particles, including emission region, cloud condensation nucleus activity and removal by ice-phase precipitation. The global distribution depends strongly on the assumptions made about uptake into cloud droplets and ice. The transport is also affected, to a lesser extent, by the emission region, particulate diameter, and season. We find that the seasonal variation in atmospheric residence time is insufficient to explain by itself the observed seasonal variation in concentrations of particulate airborne culturable bacteria, indicating that this variability is mainly driven by seasonal variations in culturability and/or emission strength. We examine the potential for exchange of bacteria between ecosystems and obtain rough estimates of the flux from each ecosystem by using a maximum likelihood estimation technique, together with a new compilation of available observations described in a companion paper. Globally, we estimate the total emissions of bacteria-containing particles to the atmosphere to be 7.6×1023–3.5×1024 a−1, originating mainly from grasslands, shrubs and crops. We estimate the mass of emitted bacteria- to be 40–1800 Gg a−1, depending on the mass fraction of bacterial cells in the particles. In order to improve understanding of this topic, more measurements of the bacterial content of the air and of the rate of surface-atmosphere exchange of bacteria will be necessary. Future observations in wetlands, hot deserts, tundra, remote glacial and coastal regions and over oceans will be of particular interest.

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