scholarly journals Integrated Decision Support System for Pluvial Flood-Resilient Spatial Planning in Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3340
Author(s):  
Murel Truu ◽  
Ivar Annus ◽  
Janet Roosimägi ◽  
Nils Kändler ◽  
Anatoli Vassiljev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System ◽  
The Impact

Flood-resilient spatial planning in urban areas involves designing and implementing structural and nonstructural measures. For the latter, urban planners apply a precautionary principle, which is normally not grounded in the actual performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This approach, however, fails during weather extremes with heavy precipitation. This paper presents a new concept for reducing pluvial flood risks in the urban planning process. The novelty of the developed planning support system named Extreme Weather Layer (EWL) is that it creates dynamic interlinkages between land developments, the performance of UDS, and other factors that contribute to flood risk. The EWL is built on the digital twin of the existing UDS and delivers an easy-to-use concept, where the end user can analyze hydraulic modelling results interlinked with climate scenarios using the GIS platform. This allows planning specialists to consider land use and soil types in the urban environment to simulate the response of the storm water system and the catchments to different rainfall events. This proposed approach was piloted in Haapsalu (Estonia) and Söderhamn (Sweden). The resulting planning support system, which performs as a set of layers within municipalities’ GIS, allows decision makers to understand and predict the impact of various spatial planning decisions on the pluvial flood risk.

scholarly journals Development of Planning Support System for Urban Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Kato ◽  
◽  
Itsuki Nakabayashi ◽  
Taro Ichiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Support System ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System ◽  
Post Disaster

The past post-disaster recovery process had many difficulties in planning. The importance of residents participatory urban planning is true of post-disaster planning and ordinary planning; however, there are difficult problems as follows: time-scale conflict between desire of affected households for swift recovery of their individual lives and enough consideration of urban planning to avoid speed-before-quality planning, unsmooth discussion and consensus building because of mutual conflict of their interest in the residents, and a shortage of professionals in the case that an earthquake disaster hits wide and high-density urbanized region. The concept of "pre-disaster planning" has been propounded as measures to deal with these serious situations after 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake in Japan. Actual measures including "neighborhood community-training program for post-disaster recovery" of Tokyo Metropolitan have been implemented in various approaches. This study has pioneering approach in this context. We focus on planning support technologies based on a geographic information system (GIS) and establish planning support system for post-disaster community-based urban planning, which will smooth discussion and increase efficiency of planning work. An introduction of the system will result in reduction of total time needed on the planning process and supplement of professionals. Though there are some problems that we identified, they will be solved in accumulated experiences such as the training program in the near future.

scholarly journals Enhancing Sustainability and Resilience through Multi-Level Infrastructure Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Salas ◽  
Víctor Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Support System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System ◽  
Multi Level

Resilient planning demands not only resilient actions, but also resilient implementation, which promotes adaptive capacity for the attainment of the planned objectives. This requires, in the case of multi-level infrastructure systems, the simultaneous pursuit of bottom-up infrastructure planning for the promotion of adaptive capacity, and of top-down approaches for the achievement of global objectives and the reduction of structural vulnerabilities and imbalances. Though several authors have pointed out the need to balance bottom-up flexibility with top-down hierarchical control for better plan implementation, very few methods have yet been developed with this aim, least of all with a multi-objective perspective. This work addressed this lack by including, for the first time, the mitigation of urban vulnerability, the improvement of road network condition, and the minimization of the economic cost as objectives in a resilient planning process in which both actions and their implementation are planned for a controlled, sustainable development. Building on Urban planning support system (UPSS), a previously developed planning tool, the improved planning support system affords a planning alternative over the Spanish road network, with the best multi-objective balance between optimization, risk, and opportunity. The planning process then formalizes local adaptive capacity as the capacity to vary the selected planning alternative within certain limits, and global risk control as the duties that should be achieved in exchange. Finally, by means of multi-objective optimization, the method reveals the multi-objective trade-offs between local opportunity, global risk, and rights and duties at local scale, thus providing deeper understanding for better informed decision-making.

scholarly journals Developing a Participatory Planning Support System for Sustainable Regional Planning—A Problem Structuring Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5723
Author(s):  
Dina Margrethe Aspen ◽  
Andreas Amundsen
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Support System ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Problem Structuring ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

In this paper, we report on the application of systems engineering in initiating the synthesis of a participatory planning support system (PSS) for sustainable regional planning. The systems engineering SPADE approach is applied in a model-based fashion to define and link sustainable development goals (SDGs) to regional and urban planning policies in a co-creative multi-stakeholder environment. The approach is demonstrated through a case study from the interregional climate, land-use, and transportation planning process (PAKT) in the Ålesund region in Norway. The work was performed using focus groups with planning stakeholders over a series of workshops to analyze, design, verify and validate the problem structure. Our study shows that the approach is useful for integrating and operationalizing the SDGs in a planning context. The methodology also brings clarity and structure to planning problems and provides a pedagogical frame to engage stakeholders in co-creative PSS synthesis. Further research is necessary to explore how structured elements may be exploited in PSS synthesis.

Development of a multi-criteria spatial planning support system for growth potential modelling in the Western Cape, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan van Niekerk ◽  
Danie du Plessis ◽  
Ilze Boonzaaier ◽  
Manfred Spocter ◽  
Sanette Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Support System ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System

scholarly journals Planning support science: Developments and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1326-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Geertman ◽  
John Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Support System ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Planning Support Systems ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Planning Support System

In this paper, we provide an update of recent developments and forthcoming challenges in the field of planning support systems, following earlier reviews in 2003 and 2009. The rationale for this update is the rapid development of information and communication technologies and their impact on planning support systems. After a brief retrospective assessment of past planning support system developments, the paper presents a synthesis of the experiences and views of a worldwide sample of invited planning support system experts, whose innovative contributions comprise a new Handbook of Planning Support Science. The developments documented by the experts together substantiate our impression that a fundamental transformation is taking place – a paradigm shift – wherein the field of planning support systems is maturing into a planning support science. From this perspective, it is expected that planning support systems will become indispensable instruments in the planning process in the not too distant future. The signs of this maturation are already visible in research, education and practice.

scholarly journals Open-source planning support system for sustainable regional planning: A case study of Stockholm County, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1508-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Page ◽  
Ulla Mörtberg ◽  
Georgia Destouni ◽  
Carla Ferreira ◽  
Helena Näsström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Support System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System

Population increases and environmental degradation are challenges for urban sustainability. Planning support systems are available to assist local authorities in developing strategies toward sustainability and resilience of urban areas, but are not always used in practice. We adapted an open-source planning support system to the case of Stockholm County, Sweden, where there is a productive working relationship between researchers, city planners, and regional planners. We employed a collaborative approach in extending and updating the planning support system and analyzed the outcomes, in order to both improve the planning support system and to investigate the process of planner engagement in planning support system development. The approach involved systematic interactions with local planning authorities and e.g. additional data processing, integrating scientific knowledge, policy, and engagement by planners in the complex process of planning for sustainable urban development. This made the planning support system more user-friendly for local planners, facilitating adoption by planning authorities through overcoming common quality and acceptance barriers to the use of planning support system in practice. Involving planners in planning support system development thus increases (i) planning support system quality, producing relevant and up-to-date outputs, and (ii) acceptance for planning support system by regional planners. Further assessment is required to determine whether planners can operate the adapted planning support system unaided.

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