scholarly journals Hydropower Technology for Sustainable Energy Generation in Wastewater Systems: Learning from the Experience

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3259
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Llácer-Iglesias ◽  
P. Amparo López-Jiménez ◽  
Modesto Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Systems Learning ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Made In

Hydropower is a well-known technology, applied worldwide for electricity generation from renewable sources. Within the current framework, some studies have started to consider its application to existing urban water systems, to harness an excess of energy that otherwise would be wasted. This research sought to determine a methodology to assess the potential of hydropower application to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), regarding different aspects of sustainability. Firstly, previously developed methodologies for potential assessment in this sector at a country level were analyzed. Secondly, data from existing real case studies were gathered from publicly available documents and a theoretical analysis of their actual performance was conducted to validate assumptions made in the previous methodologies. As a result, the proposed new approach suggests adapting methodologies for potential assessment at a lower level, considering possible driving factors, other than economic feasibility. To define the study area, the management model scope should be considered. The power to determine the cut-off point for a WWTP to be considered as a potential site, is proposed to be lowered according to technical feasibility. Additionally, bearing in mind the sustainability concept, social or environmental factors should also be introduced in the methodology, tailored to the region being assessed. This novel perspective could provide a closer approach to the most likely decision-making level for these kinds of strategies in the wastewater industry.

scholarly journals Energy Self-Sufficiency Aiming for Sustainable Wastewater Systems: Are All Options Being Explored?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5537
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Llácer-Iglesias ◽  
P. Amparo López-Jiménez ◽  
Modesto Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
New Perspective

In upcoming years, water demand is expected to boost worldwide, and with that, wastewater generation and the required energy for treatment. Provided that efficiency measures should be implemented at first instance, developments of renewable energy technologies are needed to improve sustainability at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on theoretical analyses of literature data, this article presents a novel perspective of the role that hydropower could play in that energy framework. This research applied a new approach compared to previous studies, considering the introduction of sustainability aspects in the decision-making process, other than economic feasibility. With that aim, a broad search of real case studies was conducted, and suitable Key Performance Indicators based on the energy self-sufficiency concept were selected and applied to the identified cases. The findings suggest that there is not a rule of thumb to determine feasibility for hydropower installation and this technology might deserve more attention. This new perspective can help to raise awareness among policy makers, decision managers, or plant operators, of the possibilities hydropower could offer to the wastewater industry in the pathway towards more sustainable systems.

Monitoring and validation of decentralised water and wastewater systems for increased uptake

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
S. Cook ◽  
M. N. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Decentralised water and wastewater systems are being implemented to meet growing demand for municipal services either in combination with centralised systems or as standalone systems. In Australia, there has been increased investment in decentralised water and wastewater systems in response to the capacity constraints of existing centralised systems, an extended period of below average rainfall, uncertainly in traditional water sources due to potential climate change impacts, and the need to reduce the environmental impact of urban development. The implementation of decentralised water systems as a mainstream practice at different development scales is impeded by the knowledge gaps on their actual performance in a range of development types and settings. As the wide-spread uptake of these approaches in modern cities is relatively new compared to centralised approaches, there is limited information available on their planning, design, implementation, reliability and robustness. This paper presents a number of case studies where monitoring studies are under way to validate the performance of decentralised water and wastewater systems. The results from these case studies show the yield and reliability of these decentralised systems, as well as the associated energy demand and ecological footprint. The outputs from these case studies, and other monitoring studies, are important in improving decentralised system design guidelines and developing industry wide management norms for the operation and maintenance of decentralised systems.

scholarly journals Foreign Investment and Export Management and Analysis - Kosovo Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Halil Bajrami ◽  
Bashkim Bellaqa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a special and specific importance for the Republic of Kosovo taking into account the conditions and economic development, which in turn impact the economic development and social improvement of the country. For the state to have a greater absorption of FDI, significant improvement should be made in improving the management capacity in order to create a motivating environment for foreign investment, which is related to the improvement of macro-factors and microfactors at the country level in order to make the environment as attractive as possible for FDI. The purpose of this paper is to present the trend of FDI, the trend of export with a keen eye on Kosovo and to present the correlation of FDI with export. Firstly, at the beginning of this paper, a theoretical review of the literature on definitions of FDI in economic terms and definitions of export is presented. Secondly, the trend and comparison of FDI and exports over the years is presented. Thirdly, FDI trends in Kosovo were analyzed by the country of origin of these investments, etc. Fourthly, in the context of this paper, an analysis in terms of investment management at the country level in order to create an attractive investment environment was made. Fifthly, as part of this paper, empirical analyzes showing the correlations between FDI and Export in the Kosovo case have been made. FDI trends in Kosovo have been decreasing over the years, which must be improved by creating a motivating environment for both domestic and foreign investors. 

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY OF TRADE ACTIVITIES BY RETAIL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
N. V. Koval ◽  
N. L. Korzhenivska ◽  
E. V. Dobrovolska
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Network Marketing ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Business Entities

Development of trading activities is carried out in accordance with the current Concept of development of internal trade of Ukraine. At a rapid pace, changes are occurring in consumer preferences, assortment conditions, and the expansion of the influence of the geographical and species capabilities of the presented goods. The analysis of internal changes in the volume of goods turnover of enterprises by product groups, business entities at the country level and its individual regions made it possible to argue and justify the importance of observing the totality of organization principles, the balance of supply and demand, purchasing power, economic feasibility and payback. The used methods of author generalizations, analytical and statistical calculations, comparisons made it possible to systematize the digital material of the study and substantiate conclusions regarding the state and dynamics of the development of trade activities in Ukraine, as well as the Khmelnitsky region, as one of its regions. The study focuses on network marketing, as one of the forms of development and improvement of trade and the determination of the necessary nomenclature and bottlenecks in the activities of trade entities, including markets. The prospects of the use of electronic commerce (purchase and sales) are substantiated, which significantly expands the possibilities for carrying out trading activities for both buyers and trade enterprises. It is proposed to take into account the influence of demographic security, as one of the factors that shape the country's product policy and its export potential. It is determined that the influence on the increase in turnover indicators has an extensive factor in the growth of prices for consumed goods, in a certain way introduces distortions in the perception of digital information. The use of innovative technologies, modern methods of managerial decision-making in the field of marketing, logistics allows us to improve the trading process, satisfy consumer demand and ensure the effectiveness of enterprises in the trading sphere.

A Cognitive Approach to the Mechanism of Intelligence

2011 ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Yi X. Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Behavior Simulation ◽  
Structural Simulation ◽  
Functional Simulation ◽  
Made In

An attempt was made in the article to propose a new approach to the intelligence research, namely the cognitive approach that tries to explore in depth the core mechanism of intelligence formation of intelligent systems from the cognitive viewpoint. It is discovered, as result, that the mechanism of intelligence formation in general case is implemented by a sequence of transformations conversing the information to knowledge and further to intelligence (i.e., the intelligent strategy, the embodiment of intelligence in a narrower sense). It is also discovered that the three major approaches to AI that exist, the structural simulation approach, the functional simulation approach, and the behavior simulation approach, can all be harmoniously unified within the framework of the cognitive approach. These two discoveries, as well as the related background, will be reported here in the article.

A study on a new criterion for minimum-energy perfect control in the state-space framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech P Hunek ◽  
Marek Krok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Made In

In this article, an advanced study concerning the energy cost of the perfect control algorithm is provided. An application of different nonunique matrix inverses into perfect control law has resulted in remarkable influence on both control and state signals. Following the newly obtained issues, covering the minimum-energy behavior, a new related criterion is proposed here. Based on deterministic norm we can, in a simple way, estimate the crucial energy performance. Simulation examples made in MATLAB/Simulink environment show the high potential of a new approach considered in the article.

A new approach to the calculation of electrostatic energy relations in minerals: the dioctahedral and trioctahedral phyllosillicates

1979 ◽  
Vol 293 (1401) ◽  
pp. 169-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Time ◽  
Quadratic Functions ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Lattice Energies ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
Made In

This paper presents an original and useful method for calculating and comparing the electrostatic component of the lattice energies of families of related, complex structures. The methodology and use of hypothetical, tractable steps in passing from one structure to another can be extended to families of crystal structures other than the phyllosilicates. Calculations made on a single ‘generic’ silicate, KX 2 X'T 4 O 10 (OH) 2 , enables us to obtain the lattice energies of 1M aluminium mica, phlogopite, talc, pyrophyllite, saponite, beidellite, illite, montmorillonite and hectorite and their fluorinated analogues. Site potentials are readily obtained when calculations are made in this manner. Considerable saving of computer time and effort coupled with little sacrifice of accuracy are a feature of this approach. The paper further goes on to suggest how comparison of this type of generic calculation with the results obtained from calculations made on the true individual phyllosilicate structure can extend the potential information that can be gained from these studies. The investigation of substitutional and relaxation energies of the phyllosilicates is considered. Surface energies (shown to be quadratic functions of x for micas derived from the structure A X X 2 X'T 4 O 10 (OH) 2 , (A = Na or K)) are calculated on the same principle, from, in this case, a ‘generic’ expanded lattice. The transferability principle introduced in this work enables us to make specific predictions regarding minerals for which single crystal X-ray diffraction studies are impractical. We attempt wherever possible an interpretation of the energies we calculate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document