scholarly journals Relative Contribution of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities to Streamflow Alterations in Illinois

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Manas Khan ◽  
Vaskar Dahal ◽  
Hanseok Jeong ◽  
Momcilo Markus ◽  
Rabin Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Shift Analysis ◽  
Lower Contribution

Rainfed agricultural systems have become more vulnerable to climate change due to their significant dependence on natural precipitation. Drastic changes in precipitation, superimposed with anthropogenic activities, including land use land cover change, can modify the hydrologic response, especially in agricultural watersheds. In this study, Fisher Information and cumulative sum charts (CUMSUM) methods were applied to detect the hydrologic regime shifts in six watersheds in Illinois, USA. The regime shift analysis identified shifts in streamflow regime in three agricultural watersheds, mainly around the 1970s; whereas, no significant change in streamflow was observed for forest-dominated watersheds. Furthermore, the Budyko framework was used to determine the relative contribution in streamflow alterations (i.e., regime shifts in streamflow) for the agricultural watersheds, which evidenced significant shifts in streamflow. The Budyko analysis inferred that alterations in streamflow could be primarily attributed to anthropogenic activities with a comparatively lower contribution from climate in agricultural watersheds. The relative contribution from anthropogenic activities were 71.66%, 81.46%, and 74.04%; whereas, the relative contribution from climate were 28.34%, 18.54%, and 25.96% for the Sangamon, Vermillion, and Skillet agricultural watersheds, respectively. The techniques used and the results obtained from the study would be helpful for future research in assessing the vulnerability and impact of management practices in a highly managed agricultural watershed.

scholarly journals Reply to D. L. Peters' Comment on "Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada" by Rasouli et al. (2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rasouli ◽  
M. A. Hernández-Henríquez ◽  
S. J. Déry
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Marked Decline

Abstract. This paper provides a reply to a comment from Peters (2014) on our recent effort focused on evaluating changes in streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada. Lake Athabasca experienced a 21.2% decline in streamflow input between 1960 and 2010 that has led to a marked decline in its water levels in recent decades. A reassessment of trends in naturalized Lake Athabasca water levels shows insignificant changes from our previous findings reported in Rasouli et al. (2013), and hence our previous conclusions remain unchanged. The reply closes with recommendations for future research to minimize uncertainties in historical assessments of trends in Lake Athabasca water levels and to better project its future water levels driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities in the Athabasca Lake basin.

Total and methylmercury concentrations in Canadian alpine proglacial freshwater rivers (Banff and Jasper National Parks)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Serbu ◽  
Vincent L. St.Louis ◽  
Sydney J. A. Enns
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Methyl Hg

<p>Anthropogenic activities have resulted in increased mercury (Hg) emissions, and the deposition of inorganic and methyl Hg to watersheds, including those that are glaciated. Alpine glaciers are melting at unprecedented rates due to climate change, with glacier-fed rivers potentially transporting contaminants such as mercury historically archived in glacial ice to downstream proglacial environments. Hg in glacial rivers can also be derived from natural sources such as the erosion of subglacial and proglacial geologic material as glaciers melt and retreat. Furthermore, as inorganic Hg moves downstream, methylation can occur in regions of the watershed that contain wetlands, for example, transforming into it into toxic methyl Hg (MeHg) that can biomagnify in the watershed’s food web.</p><p>We conducted detailed monthly water quality surveys along three major glacial river transects (the Athabasca, North Saskatchewan, and Bow) in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (Banff and Jasper National Parks, Alberta), that included sampling for total and dissolved concentrations of total Hg (THg; all forms of Hg in a sample) and MeHg up to 100 km downstream of glacial termini. The resultant inter-seasonal data, spanning from May to December in this mid-latitude region, will be used to assess the amount of Hg originating from glacial melt in these systems and how it is transformed as it moves downstream. We will also examine contributions of Hg from the erosion of subglacial and proglacial bedrock material. Preliminary results show that THg and MeHg concentrations are very low in these rivers, consistently measuring at less that 3 ng/L. Additionally, as one moves downstream a larger proportion of THg is in the dissolved fraction. MeHg always measured around or below our laboratory’s detection limit (0.01 ng/L) regardless of the sampling location on our river transects.</p><p>The presence of contaminants such as Hg can have negative impacts on freshwater quality, organisms within the watershed, and downstream human populations. Quantifying the amount and speciation of Hg in the headwaters of three primary watersheds in Canada could have important implications for future research and the ongoing challenge of properly planning for drastic climate change effects in glaciated alpine regions despite concentrations of THg and MeHg being so low. </p>

scholarly journals Mitigation of Climate Change through Approached Agriculture-Soil Carbon Sequestration (A Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Shamal S. Kumar ◽  
Ananta G. Mahale ◽  
Ashutosh C. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Good Effect

It is projected that by 2030, the global population will rise to 8.5 billion influencing various changes to the whole globe. Since 1750, the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased sharply and exceeds more than 31 percent as a result of land use change and intense farming activities that require unique and modern actions to manage its climate - related risks. The earth is getting warmer day by day due to land use transition, intensive agriculture; global carbon (C) emissions have drastically increases after industrial revolution. Soil C depletion is enhanced by soil mismanagement, soil degradation and aggravated by land exploitation. Sources of emissions from various anthropogenic activities; land use change, burning of natural biomass, natural conversion to agricultural habitats, and soil cultivation. The soil as a dynamic natural entity has the potential of storing most of the C from atmosphere that will cause substantial decrease in CO2 content that is enhancing global climate change. Through agriculture, soils can reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and store C while having good effect on food security, water quality and climate prior to the introduction of best management and restorative land-use practices. Most of the reduced C in soil carbon (SC) pools can be recovered by embracing conservation tillage (no-till, reduced tillage) with cover cropping and incorporating crop residues as mulch, nutrient management through integrated nutrient management practices, manure and organic amendments, biochar and using other productive soil management strategies. These management systems lead to preservation of lands that are being or have been depleted, increase carbon production, enhance soil health and decrease the amount of atmospheric CO2 leading to climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing-Based Research for Monitoring Progress towards SDG 15 in Bangladesh: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Ishtiaque ◽  
Arif Masrur ◽  
Yasin Wahid Rabby ◽  
Tasnuba Jerin ◽  
Ashraf Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Wetland Erosion

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been in effect since 2015 to continue the progress of the Millennium Development Goals. Some of the SDGs are expected to be achieved by 2020, while others by 2030. Among the 17 SDGs, SDG 15 is particularly dedicated to environmental resources (e.g., forest, wetland, land). These resources are gravely threatened by human-induced climate change and intense anthropogenic activities. In Bangladesh, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries, climate change and human interventions are taking a heavy toll on environmental resources. Ensuring the sustainability of these resources requires regular monitoring and evaluation to identify challenges, concerns, and progress of environmental management. Remote sensing has been used as an effective tool to monitor and evaluate these resources. As such, many studies on Bangladesh used various remote-sensing approaches to conduct research on the issues related to SDG 15, particularly on forest, wetland, erosion, and landslides. However, we lack a comprehensive view of the progress, challenges, concerns, and future outlook of the goal and its targets. In this study, we sought to systematically review the remote-sensing studies related to SDG 15 (targets 15.1–15.3) to present developments, analyze trends and limitations, and provide future directions to ensure sustainability. We developed several search keywords and finally selected 53 articles for review. We discussed the topical and methodological trends of current remote-sensing works. In addition, limitations were identified and future research directions were provided.

scholarly journals Paleolimnological records of regime shifts in lakes in response to climate change and anthropogenic activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Randsalu-Wendrup ◽  
Daniel J. Conley ◽  
Jacob Carstensen ◽  
Sherilyn C. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Regime Shifts

Plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds in a changing global climate: a review of approaches, challenges, research gaps, key studies and concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JUROSZEK ◽  
A. von TIEDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Recent Climate

SUMMARYClimate change biology is witnessing a significant quantity of new publications each year, which compromises efforts to keep up-to-date on the rapidly growing body of climate change biology literature. The present paper provides an overview on research approaches and challenges in climate change biology with respect to plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds (collectively termed ‘pests’ here). It also summarizes the suggestions of researchers about how to conceptualize and prioritize future research strategies. Recently published key studies demonstrate that climate change research is qualitatively advancing and that the interactions among environmental and biotic factors which have been found are complex. This complexity hinders attempts to generalize responses of pests to changes in climate. The challenge remains to identify the most significant causal relationships and to separate them from other factors such as crop management practices, which may also influence the observed changes in pest distribution and prevalence in managed ecosystems. In addition, the present overview shows that there are still gaps in many research areas, while other fields have been intensively investigated. For example, the identification of potential benefits in plant protection that may emerge from future climate change has not been explored as extensively as the potential threats. However, encouraging developments can be observed in recent climate change research, for instance the increased number of studies performed under subtropical and tropical climatic conditions, the increased availability of results from multi-factorial field experiments and modelling studies do consider increasingly pest–crop–climate interactions. Further progress can be expected, provided that researchers, sponsors and other stakeholders maintain their interest in climate change biology research.

scholarly journals Reply to D. L. Peters' comment on "Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada" by Rasouli et al. (2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 12257-12270
Author(s):  
K. Rasouli ◽  
M. A. Hernández-Henríquez ◽  
S. J. Déry
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Marked Decline

Abstract. This paper provides a reply to a comment from Peters (2014) on our recent effort focused on evaluating changes in streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada. Lake Athabasca experienced a 21.2% decline in streamflow input between 1960 and 2010 that has led to a marked decline in its water levels in recent decades. A reassessment of trends in naturalized Lake Athabasca water levels shows insignificant changes from our previous findings reported in Rasouli et al. (2013), and hence our previous conclusions remain unchanged. The reply closes with recommendations for future research to minimize uncertainties in historical assessments of trends in Lake Athabasca water levels and to better project its future water levels driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities in the Athabasca Lake Basin.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Relative Contribution of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Runoff Variations in the Central Part of Tajikistan in Central Asia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Nekruz Gulahmadov ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Aminjon Gulakhmadov ◽  
Moldir Rakhimova ◽  
Manuchekhr Gulakhmadov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Downstream Region ◽  
Runoff Changes

Quantifying the relative contribution of climate change and anthropogenic activities to runoff alterations are essential for the sustainable management of water resources in Central Asian countries. In the Kofarnihon River Basin (KRB) in Central Asia, both changing climate conditions and anthropogenic activities are known to have caused changes to the hydrological cycle. Therefore, quantifying the net influence of anthropogenic contribution to the runoff changes is a challenge. This study applied the original and modified Mann–Kendall trend test, including the Sen’s slope test, Pettitt’s test, double cumulative curve, and elasticity methods. These methods were applied to determine the historical trends, magnitude changes and change points of the temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff from 1950 to 2016. In addition, the contributions of climate change and anthropogenic activities to runoff changes in the KRB were evaluated. The trend analysis showed a significant increasing trend in annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration, while the annual precipitation trend showed an insignificant decreasing trend during the 1950–2016 time period. The change point in runoff occurred in 1986 in the upstream region and 1991 in the downstream region. Further, the time series (1950–2016) is separated into the prior impacted period (1950–1986 and 1950–1991) and post impacted period (1987–2016 and 1992–2016) for the upstream and downstream regions, respectively. During the post impacted period, climate change and anthropogenic activities contributed to 87.96% and 12.04% in the upstream region and 7.53% and 92.47% in the downstream region of the KRB. The results showed that in runoff changes, the anthropogenic activities played a dominant role in the downstream (97.78%) and the climate change impacts played a dominant factor in the upstream region (87.96%). In the land-use type changes, the dominant role was played by construction land, which showed that the area from 248.63 km2 in 1990 increased to 685.45 km2 (175.69%) in 2015. These findings suggest that it is essential to adopt effective steps for the sustainable development of the ecological, hydrological, and social order in the KRB in Central Asia.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

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