scholarly journals Identification of Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemical Processes Determining the Groundwater Quality in Port del Comte High Mountain Karst Aquifer (SE, Pyrenees)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Ignasi Herms ◽  
Jorge Jódar ◽  
Albert Soler ◽  
Luís Javier Lambán ◽  
Emilio Custodio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pristine Aquifer

The Port del Comte Massif (SE, Pyrenees) contains one of the most important vulnerable and strategic karst aquifers for supplying freshwater to the city of Barcelona (Spain). It is a fragile system, whose possible environmental impact is highly conditioned by land use. To improve the hydrogeological knowledge of the system, between September 2013 and October 2015, a detailed fieldwork was carried out for the revision of the geological model, the inventory of water points, and the in situ physico-chemical characterization on major elements and isotopes of up to a total of 43 springs, as well as precipitation water. This paper focuses on the characterization of the geochemical processes that allow explanation of the observed chemical variability of groundwater drained by the pristine aquifer system to determine the origin of salinity. The results show that the main process is the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, followed by gypsum and halite, and a minor cation exchange-like process. Sulfur and oxygen isotopes from dissolved sulfate in the studied springs point out a geogenic origin related to the dissolution of gypsum from Triassic and Tertiary materials, and that the contribution from anthropogenic sources, like fertilizers, is lower. Nitrate in groundwater is not an important issue, with a few localized cases related with agricultural activities. The multidisciplinary approach has allowed the development of a consistent hydrogeological conceptual model of the functioning of the aquifer system, which can be replicated in other places to understand the geogenic character of the hydrogeochemistry.

scholarly journals Magnetic signatures of natural and anthropogenic sources of urban dust aerosol

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiao Liu ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Hong Chang ◽  
Hongyun Chen ◽  
Lianji Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Urban Dust ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Magnetic Signatures ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
End Members

Abstract. The characteristics of urban dust aerosols and the contributions of their natural and anthropogenic sources are of scientific interest as well as being of substantial sociopolitical and economic concern. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study of dust flux and magnetic signatures, including magnetic susceptibility (χ) and the morphology and elemental composition of magnetic particulates, of atmospheric dustfall originating from natural dust sources in East Asia and local anthropogenic sources in Xi'an, China. The results reveal a significant inverse relationship, on a seasonal basis, between variations in dust flux and χ. By comparing χ records of desert surface sediments and local polluted dust, the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources can be estimated for the urban atmospheric dustfall. Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) indicates that magnetic particulates from different sources have distinctive morphological and elemental characteristics. Detrital magnetic particles originating from natural sources are characterized by relatively smooth surfaces with Fe and O as the major elements and a minor contribution from Ti. The anthropogenic particles have angular, spherule, aggregate, and porous shapes with distinctive contributions from marker elements, including S, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Ca. Our results demonstrate that this multidisciplinary approach is effective in distinguishing dust derived from distant natural sources and local anthropogenic sources, and for quantitative assessment of the contributions of the two end-members.

scholarly journals Magnetic signatures of natural and anthropogenic sources of urban dust aerosol

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiao Liu ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Hong Chang ◽  
Hongyun Chen ◽  
Lianji Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Urban Dust ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Magnetic Signatures ◽  
A Minor ◽  
End Members

Abstract. The characteristics of urban dust aerosols and the contributions of their natural and anthropogenic sources are of scientific interest as well as being of substantial sociopolitical and economic concern. Here we present a comprehensive study of dust flux, magnetic parameters, magnetic particulate morphology, and elemental compositions of atmospheric dustfall originating from natural dust sources in East Asia and local anthropogenic sources in Xi'an, China. The results reveal a significant inverse relationship between seasonal variations of dust flux and magnetic susceptibility (χ). By comparing dust flux and χ records, the relative contributions of dust from local anthropogenic sources are estimated. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that magnetic particulate from different sources has distinct morphological and elemental characteristics. Detrital magnetic particles originating from natural sources are characterized by relatively smooth surfaces with Fe and O as the major elements and a minor contribution from Ti. The anthropogenic particles have angular, spherical, aggregate, and porous shapes with distinctive contributions from marker elements, including S, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, and Ca. Our results demonstrate that this multidisciplinary approach is effective in distinguishing dust particles derived from distant natural sources and local anthropogenic sources and for the quantitative assessment of contributions from the two end-members.

scholarly journals Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Marcin Siepak
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Geochemical Indices

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse spatial variability of the trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) concentration in lake bottom sediments in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP); Poland. The following research questions were posed: which factors have a fundamental impact on the concentration and spatial variability of elements in bottom sediments, which of the elements can be considered as indicators of natural processes and which are related to anthropogenic sources. The research material was sediments samples collected from 19 lakes. The concentrations of 24 TEs and 14 REEs were determined. The analyses were carried out using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the spatial variability of the TEs and REEs concentrations, indicate the elements that are the indicators of natural processes and identify potential anthropogenic sources of pollution. The geochemical background value (GBV) calculations were made using 13 different statistical methods. However, the contamination of bottom sediments was evaluated by means of the index of geo-accumulation, the enrichment factor, the pollution load index, and the metal pollution index. The BTNP area is unique because of its isolation from the inflow of pollutants from anthropogenic sources and a very stable land use structure over the last 200 years. This study shows high variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices suggest low pollution of lakes bottom sediments. It was found that TEs originated mainly from geogenic sources. However, the concentrations of Li, Ni, Sc, Se, Be, Se, Ag, Re, Tl, Cd, Sb and U may be related to the impact of point sources found mainly in the Ostrowite Lake. Almost all REEs concentrations were strongly correlated and their presence was linked to with geochemical processes. The elements allowing to identify natural processes and anthropogenic pollution sources were Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Cd, Zn, Bi, Re, Ba, Al and Rb in TEs group and Nd, Gd, Yb, Lu, Eu, Dy and Ce in REEs group. The analysis shows high spatial variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices point to low pollution of lakes sediments. The anthropogenic sources only for two lakes had an impact on concentrations of selected TEs and REEs. The analyses allowed to identify elements among TEs and REEs documenting geochemical processes and those indicating anthropogenic sources of pollution.

Hydrochemistry and carbonate sediment characterisation of Bacalar Lagoon, Mexican Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidia I. Tobón Velázquez ◽  
Mario Rebolledo Vieyra ◽  
Adina Paytan ◽  
Kyle H. Broach ◽  
Laura M. Hernández Terrones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Changes Over Time

The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of trace and major elements in the water and in the sediments of the south part of the Bacalar Lagoon and to identify the sources of the trace elements and their changes over time. The western part of the lagoon water column is characterised by high concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3– and Sr2+, derived from groundwater input. In contrast, the eastern part of the lagoon is characterised by high concentrations of Mg2+, Na+ and Cl–. The lagoon is not affected by present-day seawater intrusion. Water column and sediment geochemical analyses performed in Bacalar Lagoon show clear spatial distribution of different parameters. The saturation index of the water column indicates three main groups: (1) a zone oversaturated with regard to aragonite, calcite and dolomite; (2) an undersaturated area where all three minerals are dissolving; and (3) an area with calcite equilibrium and undersaturation with regard to the other minerals. Herein we present the first measurements of trace element (Ba2+, Mn2+, K+, Ni2+, Zn2+) concentrations in carbonates obtained from sediments in Bacalar Lagoon. In order to evaluate whether the trace elements are derived from natural or anthropogenic sources, four pollution indices were calculated. The results confirmed that Bacalar Lagoon sediments are not contaminated with Ni2+, K+, Mn2+ and Ba2+, and that the Zn2+ seems to have a predominantly anthropogenic origin.

scholarly journals Simulation of Regional Karst Aquifer System and Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Manatí-Vega Baja, Puerto Rico

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (12) ◽  
pp. 909-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balati Maihemuti ◽  
Reza Ghasemizadeh ◽  
Xue Yu ◽  
Ingrid Padilla ◽  
Akram N. Alshawabkeh
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Karst Aquifer System ◽  
Vega Baja

scholarly journals The Abundance Pattern of Elements Having Low Nebular Condensation Temperatures in Interplanetary Dust Particles: Evidence for a New Chemical Type of Chondritic Material

1996 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Flynn ◽  
S. Bajt ◽  
S. R. Sutton ◽  
M. E. Zolensky ◽  
K. L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Interplanetary Dust Particles ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Refractory Elements ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe abundances of Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, P, Cu, K, Na, Ga, Ge, Se, Zn, S, Br, and C were measured in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected from the Earth's stratosphere. All elements with nebular condensation temperatures lower than Mn, except S, were enriched relative to the most volatile-rich type of meteorite while the refractory elements Cr and Ni were present at chondritic abundances. This element abundance pattern is consistent with nebular condensation, suggesting the IDPs condensed at either a different location or time in the evolving solar nebula than do the meteorites. The enrichments of the major elements C, Na, P, and K exclude the possibility that the volatile enrichment in IDPs results from a minor amount of contamination.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bottled Waters by Multielemental Analysis, Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Zuliani ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
Rok Novak ◽  
Polona Vreča
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Multi-elemental (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn) and stable isotope (i.e., δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC) analyses were performed on 13 (8 Slovenian and 5 imported) bottled mineral and spring waters from the Slovenian market. In addition, 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were determined for the first time. In all analyzed bottled waters, the majority of elements were present although in low concentrations, and according to EU legislation, all were suitable for human consumption. Also, concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) were in general agreement with the values reported on the bottle labels, and any differences were the consequence of the natural variability of the water source used for bottling. The exception was one spring water, for which the source location changed, which was confirmed by the δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC data. Two mineral waters had distinctive elemental compositions due to the particular geology of their recharge areas. The δ13CDIC was also investigated to decipher the carbonate contribution in the bottled waters. The results suggest that dissolution of carbonates and non-equilibrium carbonate dissolution by carbonic acid produced from soil zone CO2 are the predominant geochemical processes influencing the δ13CDIC values of bottled water.

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