scholarly journals Making Waves: Zero Liquid Discharge for Sustainable Industrial Effluent Management

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2852
Author(s):  
Yinglin Liang ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Xiangtong Kong ◽  
Qiushi Duan ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reduced Water

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) aims to minimize liquid waste generation whilst extend water supply, and this industrial strategy has attracted renewed interest worldwide in recent years. In spite of the advantages such as reduced water pollution and resource recovery from waste, there are several challenges to overcome prior to wider applications of ZLD. This study will examine the main processes involved in ZLD, and analyze their limitations and potential solutions. This study also differs from past reviews on the subject, by providing a summary of the challenges that were found light of in prevalent studies. To fulfill the sustainable vision, future research that can bridge the gap between the theoretical study and industrial practice is highlighted.

ON "PLASTIC" WAVES IN SOLIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bowsher
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engineering Significance ◽  
The Subject

The study of the propagation of "plastic" waves in solids has reached a stage where it is necessary to consider which direction future research should take. In the past 90 or so years many experiments, mostly designed to elucidate certain points of engineering significance, and a few attempts at a theoretical study have cast some light on the subject and revealed it as one of formidable difficulty.Nearly all the experiments have of necessity relied on rather dubious theories for their interpretation, and part of the present paper will be devoted to a description of an apparatus which gives results capable of being interpreted with a very minimum of theory. The remainder of the paper is devoted to a short review of past work with particular emphasis on basic phenomena and to a brief discussion on the most pressing problems still remaining. The experiments described in the present paper bring to light a factor in the propagation of "plastic" waves that seems to have been overlooked in previous work.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

Thermodynamics of Flowing Systems: with Internal Microstructure

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony N. Beris ◽  
Brian J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Hamiltonian Mechanics ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Microscopic Models ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Continuum

This much-needed monograph presents a systematic, step-by-step approach to the continuum modeling of flow phenomena exhibited within materials endowed with a complex internal microstructure, such as polymers and liquid crystals. By combining the principles of Hamiltonian mechanics with those of irreversible thermodynamics, Antony N. Beris and Brian J. Edwards, renowned authorities on the subject, expertly describe the complex interplay between conservative and dissipative processes. Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the evaluation of the free energy--largely based on ideas from statistical mechanics--and how to fit the values of the phenomenological parameters against those of microscopic models. With Thermodynamics of Flowing Systems in hand, mathematicians, engineers, and physicists involved with the theoretical study of flow behavior in structurally complex media now have a superb, self-contained theoretical framework on which to base their modeling efforts.

scholarly journals Ionic and non-ionic intravenous X-ray contrast media: antibacterial agents?

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110198
Author(s):  
Frank Mosler ◽  
Johannes K Richter ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Nando Mertineit ◽  
Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Percutaneous Abscess Drainage ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Free Iodine ◽  
The Subject

X-ray contrast media have been reported to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. Despite its potentially beneficial effect on patients, these features of contrast media have received relatively little attention in the medical literature in the past decades. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature concerning the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of X-ray contrast media, specifically if there is a known difference concerning these effects between ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Systematic literature review was performed for the years of publication between 1911 and 2019. Since the publication of Grossich in 1911, the effect of iodine on the treatment of superficial infections in surgical procedures has been established clinical knowledge. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of ionic X-ray contrast media are well established. However, non-ionic contrast agents have been the subject of little research in this respect. In past decades, the hypothesis emerged in the literature that mainly the concentration of free iodine might be responsible for any bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of ionic X-ray contrast media. Nowadays, however, only non-ionic contrast media are used. The question regarding the mechanism and magnitude of bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects of these, non-ionic contrast media, could not be answered conclusively from this review. Non-ionic contrast media could be used intentionally when a local antibacterial effect is intended (e.g. in percutaneous abscess drainage), as well as to reduce the overall dose of antibiotics administered to a patient. Thus, this question remains relevant and might constitute the area of future research.

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.

scholarly journals How Lack of Knowledge and Tools Hinders the Eco-Design of Buildings—A Systematic Review

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kikki Lambrecht Ipsen ◽  
Massimo Pizzol ◽  
Morten Birkved ◽  
Ben Amor
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Environmental Consideration ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The building sector is responsible for extensive resource consumption and waste generation, resulting in high pressure on the environment. A way to potentially mitigate this is by including environmental considerations during building design through the concept known as eco-design. Despite the multiple available approaches of eco-design, the latter is not easily achieved in the building sector. The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss what barriers are currently hindering the implementation of eco-design in the building sector and by which measures building designers can include environmental considerations in their design process. Through a systematic literature review, several barriers to implementation were identified, the main ones being lack of suitable legislation, lack of knowledge amongst building designers, and lack of suitable tools for designers to use. Furthermore, two specific tools were identified that allow the inclusion of environmental consideration in building design, along with nine design strategies providing qualitative guidance on how to potentially minimize energy and material consumption, as well as waste generation. This paper contributes a holistic overview of the major barriers to and existing tools and method for the eco-design of buildings, and provides guidance for both future research and practice.

Sustainability Certification and Green Public Procurement: Ideals and Outcomes in a New Jersey School District

2021 ◽  
pp. 097340822110125
Author(s):  
Cluny Mendez ◽  
Christopher L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
School District ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Green Public Procurement ◽  
The Subject

The implementation of sustainability and green public procurement (GPP) initiatives in school districts has been the subject of some debate; questions over definitions and programme goals have led to inconsistency and concerns about programme achievements. The legitimacy of programmes rests not only with the announcement of policy by officials, but with adherence to policy and staff buy-in. This study examines barriers districts face, and makes recommendations based upon district experience on ways to successfully implement sustainability and GPP initiatives. A review of the literature on GPP and legitimacy in the execution of public functions within the education domain begins the study. Major components relative to best practices for GPP programmes are studied through the review of GPP-related documents from a school district in New Jersey considered as an exemplar of such programmes. Analysis of an interview with the district’s representatives suggests that, despite the normative approval such programmes receive, and widespread understanding of the rationale for pursuing such initiatives, there remain critical failings in implementation of these programmes, stemming from education, resourcing of initiatives and prioritization of green procurement in relation to other district priorities. The study concludes with lessons learned from this case, which is important given its positioning within New Jersey as an exemplar and recommendations for future research where work in this area is needed.

Knowledge assimilation by employees in learning organizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Marcus ◽  
Snunith Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Knowledge Assimilation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Powerful Explanation ◽  
Safety Procedures

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the factors related to the employee as an individual, that affect the quality and level of the individual’s assimilation of knowledge (AOK) which is transmitted by way of organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach – All subjects (317) of this research were employed at different positions in day camps of a social organization. The study examined the subjects’ AOK relating to the organization’s security and safety procedures. The variables examined in this study include: the employee’s organizational commitment; the employee’s perception of the organization’s culture; the employee’s perception of the advantage inherent in the security and safety information; the employee’s self-efficacy; and the employee’s motivation to assimilate the new knowledge. Findings – The research variables explained a significant part (37 per cent) of the variance obtained with respect to assimilation and learning in the organization. The most powerful explanation for the variance in degree of implementation was the perception of the organization’s security and safety culture and the subject’s self-efficacy. Subjects’ perceived advantage from the knowledge did not make a significant contribution and motivation serves as a mediator but it does not mediate directly between the variables and AOK. Research limitations/implications – The research was conducted in a single organization. We recommend conducting similar studies in other organizations, including other types of organizations, to strengthen the conclusions which derive from our research. We also recommend that future research should use alternative methodologies (e.g. qualitative research and review of the results by experts) since other methodologies might reveal new facts that may have been uncovered in the use of the quantitative method applied in our research. Practical implications – We recommend that an organization which strives to be a learning organization, should pay attention, inter alia, to factors relating to the employees themselves, and in particular: increasing the employees’ self-efficacy, clarifying the benefits to the employee of the transmitted knowledge; and bringing the organization’s values and culture into clearer focus for the employees. Originality/value – The unique nature of our research model is twofold: first, the variables on which we have chosen to focus are different from other studies, and to our knowledge, the combination of these variables and the examination of these variables in relation to learning in the context of organizations have not been examined in other studies. Second, our model gauges the effects of an employee’s subjective perception with relation to his organization’s culture, his perceived advantage with regard to the subject-matter which he is learning and his self-assessed existing knowledge.

Social capital in the theory and research of LIS professionals in the light of the literature on the subject. Review of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
Rural Libraries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present the latest scholarly trends in the field of social capital in libraries, to review research concepts published by LIS professionals and to suggest further research possibilities in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a review and critical analysis of literature associated with research on social capital in libraries to highlight its importance for the development of LIS and its impact on the functioning of environments linked with various types of libraries. The goal of literature analysis was to determine the current condition of research on social capital in libraries. The main trends were identified and the need for further qualitative analyses, which are missing at the moment, was confirmed. Findings It was determined that, so far, LIS professionals have focussed mainly on the role of municipal libraries in developing social capital, the problem of building trust, especially in immigrant circles and the impact of libraries on promoting a civil society. Academic libraries, rural libraries, organisational capital in libraries and individual social capital of librarians were a much less frequent subject of research. The role of libraries in developing social capital in educational (primary and secondary education) and professional (non-university professionals) circles is practically non-existent in research, and it will require in-depth studies and analyses in the coming years. Originality/value This paper constitutes a synthetic review of the latest research concepts concerning social capital in libraries. It identifies the most important research trends and areas that so far have not been explored and suggests research methods to help LIS professionals design future research in this area more effectively.

Neformalni obrazovni kontekst i nastava prirode i društva u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu – metodički pristup i značaj

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Pivaš
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Paradigm ◽  
Informal Context

Equally effective and demanding for all students, the traditional paradigm prevents independent acquisition of knowledge in a changed social context. Students should be able to independently research and analyze natural and social phenomena and processes. The role of the teacher is to create a complete picture, and not to interpret the content knowledge as biological, geographical, or historical. To avoid the passivity of students in the teaching process, it is necessary to choose an informal context and adapt it to the content being learned. In this paper, we have tried to point out the importance of an integrative approach in the non-formal educational context within the content of the subject Science and Social studies. We have presented the practical implication regarding natural and social contents. Lack of resources, time and interest of teachers are cited as obstacles to this way of working. In addition to pointing out the effective application of the informal context in a changed social context, we also provided suggestions for future research to improve teaching practice.

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