scholarly journals MIS 5.5 Highstand and Future Sea Level Flooding at 2100 and 2300 in Tectonically Stable Areas of Central Mediterranean Sea: Sardinia and the Pontina Plain (Southern Latium), Italy

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Giacomo Deiana ◽  
Fabrizio Antonioli ◽  
Lorenzo Moretti ◽  
Paolo Emanuele Orrù ◽  
Giovanni Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Mis 5.5

Areas of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthropic activities. We analyzed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and Copernicus Earth observation data. The aim of this research is to provide estimates and detailed maps (in three coastal plain of Sardinia (Italy) and in the Pontina Plain (southern Latium, Italy) of: (i) the past marine transgression occurred during MIS 5.5 highstand 119 kyrss BP; (ii) the coastline regression occurred during the last glacial maximum MIS 2 (21.5 krs cal BP); and (iii) the potential marine submersion for 2100 and 2300. The objective of this multidisciplinary study is to provide maps of sea level rise future scenarios using the IPCC RCP 8.5 2019 projections and glacio-hydro-isostatic movements for the above selected coastal zones (considered tectonically stable), which are the locations of touristic resorts, railways and heritage sites. We estimated a potential loss of land for the above areas of between about 146 km2 (IPCC 2019-RCP8.5 scenario) and 637 km2 along a coastline length of about 268 km.

scholarly journals Relative Sea-Level Rise and Potential Submersion Risk for 2100 on 16 Coastal Plains of the Mediterranean Sea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Antonioli ◽  
Giovanni De Falco ◽  
Valeria Lo Presti ◽  
Lorenzo Moretti ◽  
Giovanni Scardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean

The coasts of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthropic activities. In the frame of the RITMARE and the Copernicus Projects, we analyzed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and Copernicus Earth Observation data to provide estimates of potential marine submersion for 2100 for 16 small-sized coastal plains located in the Italian peninsula and four Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Tunisia, Cyprus) all characterized by different geological, tectonic and morphological features. The objective of this multidisciplinary study is to provide the first maps of sea-level rise scenarios for 2100 for the IPCC RCP 8.5 and Rahmstorf (2007) projections for the above affected coastal zones, which are the locations of touristic resorts, railways, airports and heritage sites. On the basis of our model (eustatic projection for 2100, glaciohydrostasy values and tectonic vertical movement), we provide 16 high-definition submersion maps. We estimated a potential loss of land for the above areas of between about 148 km2 (IPCC-RCP8.5 scenario) and 192 km2 (Rahmstorf scenario), along a coastline length of about 400 km.

Erosional landforms and biological structures in tectonically stable areas in the Mediterranean basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Vaccher ◽  
Stefano Furlani ◽  
Sara Biolchi ◽  
Chiara Boccali ◽  
Alice Busetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

<p>The Mediterranean basin displays a variety of neotectonics scenarios leading to positive or negative vertical displacement, which change the vertical position of former coastlines. As a result, the best locations to evaluate former sea levels and validate sea-level models are tectonically stable areas. There are a number of coastal areas considered to be stable based on the elevation of paleo sea-level markers, the absence of historical seismicity, and by their position far from major Mediterranean faults. We report here the results of swim surveys carried out at such locations following the Geoswim approach described by Furlani (2020) in nine coastal sectors of the central Mediterranean Sea (Egadi Island - Marettimo, Favignana, Levanzo, Gaeta Promontory, Circeo Promontory, North Sardinia - Razzoli, Budelli, Santa Maria, NW Sardinia – Capocaccia, Maddalena Archipelago, Tavolara Island, East of Malta - Ahrax Point, Bugibba-Qawra, Delimara, Addura, Palermo, Ansedonia Promontory). All the sites are considered to be tectonically stable, as validated by the elevation of sea-level indicators. In fact, modern and MIS5.5 (last interglacial) m.s.l. altitudes fit well with accepted figures based upon field data and model projections. Starting from precise morphometric parameters such as the size of tidal notches and indicative landforms and biological structures, we have developed a procedure that integrates multiple geomorphological and biological descriptors applicable to the vast spectrum of locally diverse coastal situations occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. We took detailed measurements of features such as modern and MIS5.5 tidal notches at 146 sites in all the areas, the absence of modern tidal notch at Circeo promontory, shore platforms, and MIS5.5 marine terraces at Egadi islands, Malta, and Palermo. Biological structures were also measured. In particular, vermetid platforms at Egadi, Palermo and Malta. The morphometric characteristics of these indicators depend on 1) local geological and structural constraints, 2) local geomorphotypes, 3) climate, sea, and weather conditions that affect geomorphic and biological processes, and 4) the sea level change history.</p>

scholarly journals Sea Level Rise Scenario for 2100 A.D. in the Heritage Site of Pyrgi (Santa Severa, Italy)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Anzidei ◽  
Fawzi Doumaz ◽  
Antonio Vecchio ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
Luca Pizzimenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Vertical Land Motion ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
The Mediterranean

Sea level rise is one of the main factor of risk for the preservation of cultural heritage sites located along the coasts of the Mediterranean basin. Coastal retreat, erosion and storm surges are yet posing serious threats to archaeological and historical structures built along the coastal zones of this region. In order to assess the coastal changes by the end of 2100 under an expected sea level rise of about 1 m, a detailed determination of the current coastline position and the availability of high resolution DSM, is needed. This paper focuses on the use of very high-resolution UAV imagery for the generation of ultra-high resolution mapping of the coastal archaeological area of Pyrgi, near Rome (Italy). The processing of the UAV imagery resulted in the generation of a DSM and an orthophoto, with an accuracy of 1.94 cm/pixel. The integration of topographic data with two sea level rise projections in the IPCC AR5 2.6 and 8.5 climatic scenarios for this area of the Mediterranean, were used to map sea level rise scenarios for 2050 and 2100. The effects of the Vertical Land Motion (VLM) as estimated from two nearby continuous GPS stations located as much as close to the coastline, were included in the analysis. Relative sea level rise projections provide values at 0.30±0.15 cm by 2050 and 0.56±0.22 by 2100, for the IPCC AR5 8.5 scenarios and at 0.13±0.05 cm by 2050 and 0.17±0.22 by 2100, for the IPCC AR5 2.6 scenario. These values of rise will correspond to a potential beach loss between 12.6% and 23.5% in 2100 for RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, while during the highest tides the beach will be reduced up to 46.4%. With these sea level rise scenarios, Pyrgi with its nearby Etruscan temples and the medieval castle of Santa Severa will be soon exposed to high risk of marine flooding, especially during storm surges, thus requiring suitable adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Detection and 3D Modeling of Potential Buried Archaeological Structures Using WorldView-3 Satellite Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Raghda El-Behaedi
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Throughout the world, cultural heritage sites are under the direct threat of damage or destruction due to developing environmental and anthropogenic hazards, such as urban expansion, looting, and rising water levels. Exacerbating this problem is the fact that many of the most vulnerable sites’ exact locations and/or full spatial extents have yet to be uncovered, making any attempts at their protection exceedingly difficult. However, the utilization of earth observation data has recently emerged as an unmatched tool in the exploration and (digital) preservation of endangered archaeological sites. The presented research employs very high-resolution WorldView-3 satellite imagery (~30 cm) for identifying and delineating previously unknown subsurface archaeological structures at the ancient Egyptian site of Hermopolis (el-Ashmunein). A particular emphasis is placed on the application of spectral indices, specifically those looking at vegetation cropmarks and iron oxide levels. Through this analysis, seven promising structures were identified, including three elongated installations, which may have been utilized for storage purposes, and a potential casemate foundation structure. As 2D outlines of structures are often difficult to visualize, the newly identified archaeological features were expanded into a realistic, georeferenced 3D model using the computer programs, SketchUp Pro and Chaos V-Ray. The goal of this 3D model is to ensure that the results derived from this research are more accessible (and tangible) to a wider audience—the scientific community and the public alike. The methodological scheme presented in this article is highly adaptable and with some minor modifications can be replicated for other archaeological sites worldwide.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC DAMAGE DETECTION FOR SENSITIVE CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
D. Cerra ◽  
J. Tian ◽  
V. Lysandrou ◽  
S. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Media ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

The intentional damages to local Cultural Heritage sites carried out in recent months by the Islamic State (IS) have received wide coverage from the media worldwide. Earth Observation data is an important tool to assess these damages in such non-accessible areas: If a fast response is desired, automated image processing techniques would be needed to speed up the analysis. This paper shows the first results of applying fast and robust change detection techniques to sensitive areas. A map highlighting potentially damaged buildings is derived, which could help experts at timely assessing the damages to the Cultural Heritage sites in the observed images.

scholarly journals Urbanization monitoring using big Earth Observation data for world heritage sites of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Qiang-qiang Li ◽  
Xiang-xin Li ◽  
Yong-huan Ma ◽  
Lin-lin Lu ◽  
Xin-yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Earth Observation Data

scholarly journals Hurricane Matthew in 2100: effects of extreme sea level rise scenarios on a highly valued coastal area (Palm Beach, FL, USA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Boyden ◽  
Elisa Casella ◽  
Christopher Daly ◽  
Alessio Rovere
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beach Volume

AbstractSea-level rise represents a severe hazard for populations living within low-elevation coastal zones and is already largely affecting coastal communities worldwide. As sea level continues to rise following unabated greenhouse gas emissions, the exposure of coastal communities to inundation and erosion will increase exponentially. These impacts will be further magnified under extreme storm conditions. In this paper, we focus on one of the most valuable coastal real estate markets globally (Palm Beach, FL). We use XBeach, an open-source hydro and morphodynamic model, to assess the impact of a major tropical cyclone (Hurricane Matthew, 2016) under three different sea-level scenarios. The first scenario (modern sea level) serves as a baseline against which other model runs are evaluated. The other two runs use different 2100 sea-level projections, localized to the study site: (i) IPCC RCP 8.5 (0.83 m by 2100) and (ii) same as (i), but including enhanced Antarctic ice loss (1.62 m by 2100). Our results show that the effective doubling of future sea level under heightened Antarctic ice loss amplifies flow velocity and wave height, leading to a 46% increase in eroded beach volume and the overtopping of coastal protection structures. This further exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal properties on the island, leading to significant increases in parcel inundation.

scholarly journals Submerged Speleothems and Sea Level Reconstructions: A Global Overview and New Results from the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Antonioli ◽  
Stefano Furlani ◽  
Paolo Montagna ◽  
Paolo Stocchi ◽  
Lucio Calcagnile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Central Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Regional Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Variations

This study presents a world review as well as new additional data in form of submerged speleothems that are used for paleo sea level reconstructions. Speleothems significantly contributed to the understanding of the global and regional sea level variations during the Middle and Late Quaternary. The studied speleothems cover the last 1.4 Myr and are focused mainly on Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 2, 3, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and 7.5. Results reveal that submerged speleothems represent extraordinary archives providing detailed information on former sea level changes. We present also new results from stalactites collected in central Mediterranean sea, at Favignana and Ustica islands (Sicily, Italy), both characterized by continental, phreatic or marine layers. The study and analysis of the latter speleothems provide results of great interest for relative sea level changes over the last 1000 years.

Reconstruction of the MIS 5.5, 5.3 and 5.1 coastal terraces in Latium (central Italy): A re-evaluation of the sea-level history in the Mediterranean Sea during the last interglacial

2019 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 54-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
Jean-Jacques Bahain ◽  
Brian R. Jicha ◽  
Sebastien Nomade ◽  
Danilo M. Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mis 5.5
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