scholarly journals Identifying Hub Wastewater Propagation Chains in China’s National Economic System: A Model Coupled Input-Output Analysis with Graphical Theory

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Li ◽  
Xiuli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
National Economic

Wastewater propagation chains (WPCs) measure inter-sector average propagation lengths (APL) of wastewater discharge. To achieve sustainable wastewater management, one needs to understand the propagation mechanisms by identifying WPCs at a national level over time. However, the traditional model of identifying WPCs is prone to retaining APLs with lower values but larger wastewater discharge intensities, ignoring many linkages whereby intensities are less than a preset threshold. Nevertheless, these overlooked linkages are valuable in understanding wastewater propagation mechanisms. This study proposed a new model coupled input-output analysis with the graphical theory, called the average propagation lengths-hub covariance graph (APL-HCG). This model can investigate WPCs where the closeness of sector linkages exceeds the preset thresholds. Furthermore, it is capable of retaining linkages for identifying hub wastewater propagation chains (HWPCs). Based on APL-HCG, the resultant HWPCs are decomposed as separated sub-chains which are basically composed of linkages among certain significant sectors belonging to the secondary industry or the tertiary industry. Scenario analyses show that HWPCs are effective in reducing wastewater discharge in the national economic system. The total wastewater discharge would decrease by 1.36%, 2.53%, 2.46%, and 2.11% if we reduced 10% of the final demand of all sectors in HWPCs in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. The APL-HCG model outperforms the traditional model on WPCs by 0.14%, 1.61%, 0.47%, and 0.10%, respectively. The APL-HCG model is 0.21%, 0.68%, 0.70%, and 0.35% better than the scenario of random sampling with the number of sectors equal to HWPCs, respectively. Certain policy implications were provided to reduce wastewater effectively at the national level.

scholarly journals Energy Use in Agriculture Sector: Input-Output Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Bekhet ◽  
Azlina Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Backward Linkages ◽  
Two Sectors

Many sectors rely on energy as input to produce output. Even though the use of energy in agriculture sector is not as high as in other sectors, it is important to study the connectedness between the two sectors as there is no study done so far to show the linkages between them in Malaysia. Input-output analysis has been used to study the connectedness degree between the two sectors using input-output data for 1991-2000. The direct and total backward linkages analyses have shown that there is a significant increase in the use of energy in agriculture sector for the 1991-2000 period but the connectedness is still weak. Among the three energy-related sectors namely; crude oil, natural gas & coal, petrol & coal industries and electricity & gas, it was found that the agriculture sector depends more on inputs from petrol & coal industries as compared to the other two sectors. Based on these results, some policy implications have been proposed to help the decision-makers in economic planning especially on implementing policies related to energy and agriculture sectors.

Work Creation, Rearmament, Public and Private Investment in Germany 1933–1938: An Input-Output Analysis of their Impact on Employment and Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-457
Author(s):  
Rainer Fremdling ◽  
Reiner Stäglin
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmpirically, we apply the input-output table of Germany for the benchmark year of 1936 to assess the impact of work creation, rearmament, public and private investment on employment and production in Germany during the 1930s. Our analytical framework integrates the Keynesian multiplier into Leontief’s traditional model. Of course one can speculate about the counterfactual scenario of whether or not the NS-upswing would have taken place even without Hitler’s economic policy. On basis of our reassessment we can safely claim, however, that these programmes were a sufficient condition to create full employment as early as 1936.

The economic impact of tourism in Central Finland: a regional input–output study

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Tohmo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Tourism Impact ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Input Output Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the total economic impact of tourism at the regional level in Central Finland. This paper aims to clarify the extent to which tourism contributes to regional output, employment, income and taxes in tourism-related sectors. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a regional input–output analysis. The author calculates the effects of tourism on regional output, demand, wages, employment and national and regional taxes in Central Finland. Findings The author’s regional input–output analysis reveals that tourism has a substantial impact on production in Central Finland (including the direct and indirect effects of consumption by tourists in different sectors). Moreover, the effects of tourism expenditures on employment and residents’ incomes in tourism-related sectors in Central Finland are quite significant. Research limitations/implications Many limitations of this study stem from the assumptions of the input–output model. Other limitations relate to the analysis of the impacts of tourism on household taxes, savings, consumption and net income. Our study uses average figures, which may overstate the effect of tourist expenditures on taxes because tourism jobs are often low paying. Practical implications The study yields results that can be used to frame regional policy. The results may be useful for policymakers in planning for tourist attractions. Furthermore, local authorities may use the results to guide decisions regarding infrastructure investments or improvements to the operating environment of tourism industries. Originality/value Many studies analyse the economic impact of events at the regional level using input–output analysis. National-level tourism impact studies using the input–output technique have also been conducted. Studies focussed on the economic impact of tourism at the regional level typically examine the macroeconomic (income, output and employment) effects of tourism. Consequently, these studies have focussed on estimating output, employment and income multipliers (Mazumder et al., 2012). The author’s contribution is a regional input–output analysis of direct and indirect impacts of tourism expenditures on production, demand, wages, income and employment in the whole economy at the regional level (in Central Finland). The author also analyses the impacts of tourism on national and regional taxes. The results of this study could be used by planners and policymakers involved in regional planning and development.

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